Johnson and Johnson Analysis Essay

Official Summary This report was done so as to show the situation arranging of Johnson and Johnson .The report gives data about the historical backdrop of the organization, nations of activities and the divisions of tasks .The organization deals have seen critical development as of late and US have the most noteworthy level of deals of about 44% .The report additionally causes to notice the PESTEL structure of the pharmaceutical business demonstrating how Political ,Economical, Social ,Technological, Environmental ,and Legal elements influences organizations working in this industry .Johnson and Johnson have added to nature and furthermore helps in improving living in the general public through giving of significant medications to fix a few infections and having great coordinate social duty. The SWOT Analysis of Johnson and Johnson shows that the organization is one of the top players in the business and has a great deal of potential for additional development because of money related quality and enc ounters. The organization deals has expanded overall taking into account its extension in more nations and they complete further innovative work on new items. Johnson and Johnson innovative work is assisting with recognizing new open doors which in turns help in commending organization quality .Several scopes of chances are accessible for the organization and the advancement in innovation and developments has took into consideration new items and administrations to be accessible for buyers. Further examinations shows the Porter five powers where risk of new contestant for the pharmaceutical business is low and groups low danger to Johnson and Johnson as the organization is as of now settled and have a decent number of clients around the globe .The haggling forces of purchasers and providers , contention among contenders and dangers of substitute are likewise talked about . The organization is perceived as the sixth biggest on the planet for shopper wellbeing and the world biggest suppliers of different clinical indicative gadgets, It is suggested that Johnson and Johnson contact more individuals around the globe and spotlight on the country zones to have the option to help illuminate all the more destructive sicknesses on the planet subsequently improving their coordinate social obligations. Chapter by chapter list 1.0 Introduction Johnson and Johnson established in 1886 is a United States worldwide organization which spends significant time in clinical gadgets and diagnostics, Pharmaceuticals and buyer items. The organizations headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey have around 250 auxiliaries organizations and activities in more than 59 nations. Johnson and Johnson balance their brief timeframe and long time objectives in their vital arranging by concentrating on the significant division and basics of the pharmaceutical business. They put vigorously in innovative work and uncovers new business openings .The organization additionally center around condition ,representatives prosperity and wellbeing precautionary measures to guarantee they lead business in a moral way. The organization is remembered for the Fortune 500 organizations and they help in improving personal satisfaction on the planet by looking into on human services items which will help fix a few risky illnesses on the planet. Their specialists are likewise dedicated with working with moms to guarantee they give item that best meet the medicinal services needs of moms. The report incorporate data about the historical backdrop of Johnson and Johnson ,the PESTEL investigation of the pharmaceutical segment ,the SWOT examination of the Johnson and Johnson and the Port er five powers which influences the degree of rivalry in the pharmaceutical business . An end and proposal was likewise given in the report. 2.0 Background of Johnson and Johnson The historical backdrop of Johnson and Johnson goes back to 1886 which was established by three siblings on utilizing sterile stitch close by gauzes to treat wounds. Since its origin it has become one the most thorough maker of human services items and furthermore an entrenched supplier for the pharmaceutical market. The organization is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey with around 250 auxiliaries organizations and tasks in more than 59 nations and more than 120,000 workers, the organization items are sold in more than 165 nations. Barron magazine in 2008 positioned Johnson and Johnson the world most regarded organization and in 2011 theyâ recorded overall deals of $65 billion. (Johnson and Johnson 2012) Johnson and Johnson business are in three portions which are Pharmaceuticals, Medical gadgets and Diagnostics, and Consumer items. The present executive of the organization is Alex Gorsky he took over from William Weldon in 2012. Pharmaceutical section delivers a few medications which helps fix the greater part of the world generally risky and far reaching ailments items under this classification incorporate enemy of infective, dermatology, nervous system science , torment the executives hostile to crazy and a few different items ,the items are normally circulated straightforwardly to retailers ,and emergency clinics and human services experts for remedy to patients. Johnson and Johnson is resolved to assist individuals with having more advantageous lives and live longer by adding to research of fatal maladies and discovering conceivable remedy for them ,Johnson and Johnson put about $5.1 billion out of 2011 for pharmaceutical innovative work of new drugs. In 2013 the pharmaceutical fragment contributed about 39% to the organization yearly income. The organization purchaser wellbeing portion incorporate items like child care ,healthy skin, oral consideration ladies social insurance ,twisted consideration just as health and wholesome items . The items are promptly accessible over a few merchants stores, drug store and retails outlet. In 2013 the buyer wellbeing portion contributed 21% to the organization absolute income. While the Medical gadgets portion produces assortments of imaginative items which are essentially utilized by human services experts in a few fields which incorporate diagnostics ,vision care ,medical procedure ,diabetes treatment ,sports medication and different items . The items are appropriated to wholesalers, retailers, drug store, and emergency clinics. In 2013 the Medical gadgets and Diagnostics contributed 40% to the organization all out income. Johnson and Johnson deals have seen critical increment lately with deals of 29.5 billion out of 2010 and 31 billion to universal market making all out deals of 61 billion. In 2011 deals of 28 billion to United States and 36 billion to universal market making a sum of 65 billion for the year and deals of 29, billion to US in 2012 and 37 billion to global market making absolute deals of 67 billion out of 2012. This shows Johnson and Johnson items are doing admirably both in the United States and in the worldwide market. Figure 2.0 Johnson and Johnson deals by Geographical Region Adjusted from http://www.slideshare.net/mortress/johnson-johnson-27883863 on May 2 ,2014. The figure above speak to the level of deals by the land zone with US having the most elevated level of deals and Asia - Pacific and Africa 25 % ,Europe 20 % and Western side of the equator 11 %. Johnson and Johnson was positioned in Newsweek Green Rankings as the third in United States among huge organizations that guarantee ecological benevolent activities. Models remember decrease for water use and wastage additionally increment in organization straightforwardness. They are individual from national Green force association and a report distributed on the organization site shows how the organization means to decrease squander use and removal additionally presenting a few new practical items which are eco well disposed in year 2015. 3.0 PESTEL Framework of Pharmaceutical Industry PESTEL investigation is a far reaching valuable and organized apparatus which help essentially in breaking down the Political, Economic, Social ,Technological, Environmental and lawful outside factor influencing an industry. It is exceptionally helpful to distinguish outside components which is probably going to affect future systems (Barry, 2010) . it likewise viable for business arranging ,showcasing and item advancement by assisting with understanding business sector development, business potential and bearings of business tasks. The pharmaceutical business has various difficulties this difficulties can be plainly distinguished utilizing the PESTEL examination thus taking into account appropriate methodologies to be embraced. 3.1 Political Factors The Pharmaceutical business has seen a few increments in political consideration of ongoing years. This is because of the job medicinal services plays and its monetary significance. Political intrigue influences the general human services segment making the pharmaceutical organizations to campaign with government in a considerable lot of their exercises .The difficulties of the organizations to give reasonable medications and option to make benefits tags along side monetary hardships. Pharmaceutical organizations must have the option to react effectively to move in government arrangements and ought to hold fast to patterns of morals, consistence andâ accountability so as to be fruitful in the market (Bennett, 1998). Wellbeing has become costly and a few discussions on medicinal services like the US Medicare discussion and UK National Health Service banter are intended to guarantee social insurance are moderate and not budgetary weight. The guidelines of pharmaceutical organizations around the globe has become progressively rigid expanding the expense of working together in the business, Johnson and Johnson works worldwide and they should keep refreshed of the political circumstance which may influence their activity of in all nation they have tasks. 3.2 Economic Factors The pharmaceutical ventures has seen a great deal of mergers and securing of ongoing years the acquisitions has helped in giving accessibility of new items and complete database of pharmaceutical items. The greater part of the organizations are subsidized through income and banks credits and some through the deals of offers and protections .Even with the worldwide monetary emergencies the cash spent on human services despite everything keep on expanding. Pharmaceutical organizations working universally ought to be a

Why Financial Information Is Required Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

One of the most important factors in decision making process is information from various sources. Financial Information play a vital role in the process of decision making and help management to make a perfect strategic business plan for the organization to achieve its goal. However, most financial informant comes from the financial statement of the company which includes Income Statement, Retain Earnings, Balance Sheet and Cash follow Statement of a particular period of time. Financial Ratio Analysis are use to compare within or against competitor performance. In addition, Governance in private and public sector is differ in structure of the corporation, by rules and regulation, accountability of the board as well as the decision process also vary between private and government owned public limited organization. 2. Task 1: You are a senior manager in small but growing company; prepare a briefing paper for decision making for the board of management Why Financial Information is required in Formulating Business Strategy? Financial information is very important for making Business strategy for the organization. Financial information generally includes financial statement and reports for a particular period of time in numeric value. Financial Statement consist Income Statement, Balance Sheets, Retain Earnings as well as cash follow. Financial Information helps investors and creditors of the company to evaluate the companys performance over time (Smith et. al., 1988). However, the information management get from Financial Statement is vital for whole companys business strategy and particularly it helps marketing department to formulate a Strategic Marketing plan for the organization. It gives the information about how a product is gardening present in relation to its cost, than management can decide to enhance marketing effort and promotion budget for that particular product. On the other hand if that product is no longer making enough money than management can decide to cut off the promotion budge t for that product because of its non-viability (Morden, 1993). In addition, from financial Information management of the company who makes the overall business plan for the company can know the overall financial situation of the company. Balance Sheet of the financial statement provides the companys total Assets and Liabilities and Equity information. Financial information also provides operating results of the organization such as total revenue and expenditure and profit and loss for a particular time (Smith et. al., 1988). Also, financial information provide the cash follow statement of the organization which help management to understand that weather company has enough money to pay its expenses and assets purchase for the operation of the organization (Elliot, 2008). The Major issue involved in Business Strategy. Business Strategy of the organization is the method to achieve its final Goal. Generally Business Strategy is a long-term planning, mostly 3-5 years or sometimes even longer than that. There are any issue involved in Business Strategy as it is the means of success of the organization. Business Strategy can be considered as three stages. They are, Strategic Analysis, here company find out the companies Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT Analysis), Strategic formulation, here the choose is made what to do, and Implementation of the Strategy means bring the strategy into action (Wit and Meyer, 1998). However, to implement the business strategy in action management face communication problem as well as organizational structure could be another problem. Strategy may need change in the way of working of the employees of the organization but workface could resist to change and become de motivated thus decrease the workforce efficiency of the organization (Morden, 1993). In addition, another main issue of business strategy is resource issue. For example, raise investment for new factor for business expansion or meet demands. Business Strategy also concerned with on what product or service to assign the major resources. In addition, business strategy also concern with business activities such as what where to made for competitive advantage (Johnson and Scholes, 1999). However, another common problem arise in business strategy is conflict among the department within the organization to allocate the funds. However, to make a business strategy for a Small Organization management face many problem such as access to skilled staff, government rules and regulation, fair environment for competition in market, and access to finance (Johnson and Scholes, 1999). . Therefore, to implement the strategy successfully company must adopt perfect management process or structure to bring the needed change. The key financial information required when strategic decision are made. One of the most important factors in decision making in business is quality information for the business external and internal environment or performance. Most of this information comes from the accounting information system and financial statements of the company. Financial statement provides realistic business performance or condition of the organization to the management to make strategic decision in the business process (Smith et. al., 1988). However, key financial information includes companys profitability, liquidity, leverage, activity, economic ratio. The entire ratio comes from the balance sheet of the organization. Liquidity ratio analysis gives the information about the companys ability to pay its current liabilities. Liquidity ratio 1:1 is perfect for the organization, if it less than that management can take measure how to solve this problem. Also, profitability ratio gives the information about the return on Investment Company making for the shareholder of the orga nization. In addition, Economic ration provide the measure about the revenue in terms of expense of the organization. If expense is greater or unexpected than management can take measure to identify the problem ((Elliot et. al., 2008). Financial Information helps companys management to compare present situation to previous situation as well as compare against competitor performance in same time of period. Financial information let management to see the business growth or loss. Also it lets management know the market position in terms of consumer spending on the companys product. From financial data company can forecast the future demand of the service or product of the company and stock more efficiently to decrease inventory cost. Financial information also help management to decided where the demand of a particular product in which time of the year. It also helps management to decide the price change of the product increase or decrease (Smith et. al., 1988). 3. Task 2: Choose a large Organization to research and obtain its latest published financial information covering the last three years. Prepare a report which contains Why the published financial information is structured in that way? The chosen company is Apple Corporation and its Financial Statement given in Appendix 1 Financial Information is very important in modern economic development; organization needs to prepare the financial statement that is accepted by the professional standard and firms industry practice. Generally company published financial report at the end of quarter or year. However, Financial statement includes the financial information of the company provides all necessary financial information (Higgins, 2007). GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) oblige to every organization to publish financial statement in that structured way that are fair and inclusive. Structure of the financial information data is essential because its accepted by the professional standard and helps the potential user (international or own country) to understand organizational picture easily (Smith et. al., 1988).y. The main Stakeholder who will use the published information and for what purpose The user of financial information is following below (Higgins, 2007): Managers: They are the most common and day to day decision maker. They need to know financial information to know the how things are going financially and present financial status of the company to make decision. Owner or Share holder of the organization: Owners always want to know that their business is making profit or not. Actually, they want to know all types of financial situation to make decision about their investment. Investors: Investor maybe present or potential, in order to make decision about their investment they need to know financial information about the company. Creditors: Another kind of user (bank or investment firm) of the financial information, they always want o know the risk involved to their credit. Tax inspector needs the financial information in order to calculate taxes payable. An explanation of where both long-term and short-term finance has been raised and used Short Term Finance has been raised and used: The short-term finance of the Apple Corporation has been raised from Account Payable, Accrued Expenses, Current Income Taxes Payable, Other current liabilities as well as unearned revenues. However, total short term investment of the Apple Corporation is $18,201 million (Appendix) Long Term Finance has been raised and used: The long term finance has been raised from Common stock, Retained earnings and comprehensive income and used in Plant and equipment, long term investment, inventory account receivable etc (Appendix) Calculation of the Key financial ratios, including cash follow analysis and a comment on the findings. There are various types of financial ratio such as profitability, liquidity, capital structure, stock market ratio. Key Ratio Analysis from the information in Appendix: 1. Net Profit margin for the year 2012: Net Profit/Sales * 100 = 41733 / 156508 * 100 = 26.66% Net profit margin for the year 2012 is 26.66% is not satisfactory enough. 2. Current Ratio for the 2012: Current Assets / Current Liabilities = 57,653/38,542 = 1.5x Current ratio for the year 2012 is 1.5x which is safe. 3. Total assets Turnover: Cost of Goods Sold / Total Assets =87,846 / 176,064 = 0.49x Total assets turnover for the year 2012 is 0.49 which is not good. 4. Current assets Turnover: Cost of Goods Sold / Current Assets = 87,846 / 57,653 =1.5x Current asstes turnover for the year 2012 is 1.5 which is good. Cash follow is the number appears in the cash follow statement by operating activities. Cash follow is the sum of the companys net income. There are three m ain category of cash follow. (Cash follow from operating, investing as well as financing activities) (Wood, 2008). An explanation of the different methods that could be used for appraising capital projects and the strength of each Different investment appraisal technique has been used by the companies. There is no single method of appraisal technique. This is a mechanism help the management for decision making in organization. The main two method of Appraisal Technique is discussing below (Elliott et. al., 2008): Accounting Rate of Return: This is calculated by dividing the average annual profits by the average investment cost (Baker and Wallage 2000). Internal Rate of Return: This is an alternative method to decide capital investment decision. It represents the true interest rate that earn on investment over time (Baker and Wallage, 2008). Capitals Appraisal Technique led to efficiency and increase the profitability of the capital invest. An indication of the weaknesses of published financial information. Financial Information (ratio) is sometimes using to compare business performance with another company but it may not represent equal value. Different accounting method use in companies can distort comparison. Also, financial ratio does not have any range which present good or bad ranking. In addition, it is possible to calculate same ratio by using different method. Another vital weakness of the financial information of the organization does not give the productivity and skills of the workforce in the organization (Higgins, 2007). 4. Task 3: Choose two organizations one from private and one from not in the private sector and prepare a report; Compare the difference in corporate governance, legal and regulatory requirements between the organizations. Corporate Governance is the method by which companies is directed and controlled. The Broad of director is the main responsible person in corporate governance and selected by the Shareholder of the corporation. There are many differences between Private and not private sector Companies in Corporate Governance. For the private limited company we have selected New Look Private Limited and for non-private company owe have selected Transport for London (government owned). They are following below (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). 1. Difference in Organization Structure: The main difference is the Organization Structure of the companies. New Look use outsider/insider model but on the other hand Transport for London (TFL) is statutory authority or state owned enterprise (Clark and Stewart, 1998)). 2. Regulation: New Look Regulated by Corporation Act and regulated but on the other hand TFL regulated by Commonwealth Corporation Act or State Owned Corporation Ace 1992, Statutory legislation and regulator and regulated (Nutt, 200). 3. Objective and Agents: New Look main interest is to make profit for Shareholder but TFL main interest is Public good (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). 4. Independence: New Look board is legally responsible but TFL responsible is diffused (Nutt, 2006). 5. Authority: New Look authority is Board but in TFL main authority is Department Board of Govt (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). Compare and contrasts the accountability for and roles of manages in making business decision. Accountability and Responsibility In private sector (New Look) Corporate Governance Board is responsible to shareholder for their action but on the other hand in Public Sector (TFL) board accountability is spread. In the private sector decision made by the management is generally forced by the market situation but on the other hand public sector management forced by the political situation. It is like one is about business and another is about Government (Bozeman and Pandey, 2004). However, different environment force different decision taken by the management in both sector. Nutt (2006) found that decision making in Private sector manager are more analysis based and on the other hand in public sector are more bargaining based. Also, private sector decision made by manager is more opportunity based but in public sector is more problem based. 5. Conclusion: Accounting Information system provide the necessary accounting information needed to get the overall situation of organization. It reflects the total financial strength and weakness of the organization. Although, the financial information does not include workforce, external environment but it is acceptable to everyone to Measure Companys performance over the year. Governance in corporation varies from private to public limited as well as the decision making process of the manager. 6. References: Bozeman, B. Pandey, S. K. 2004, Public Management Decision Making: Effects of Decision Content. Public Administration Review 64: 553-565. Baker, P. Wallage: The Future of Financial Reporting in Europe: Its Role in corporate Governance, The International Journal of Accounting, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2000. Clarke, M. and Stewart, J. 1998, Community governance, community leadership and the new local government, York Publishing Services, York. De Wit, B; Meyer, R (1998) strategy, process, content context, 2nd Edition; ITP, Londo Elliott, Barry and Elliot, Jamies (2008) Financial Accounting and Reporting, 12th edn, Prentice Hall J.L. Smith, R.M. Keith, W.L. Stephens: Financial Accounting, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1988. Johnson, G:Scholes., K. (1999)Exploring Corporate Strategy, 5th Edition, FT Prentice Hall, London. Higgins, R. (2007) Analysis for Financial Management McGraw Hill Education (ISE Editon) Horngren, Charles and Sundern, Garry (200 8) Introduction to Management Accounting, 14th edn, Prentice Hall   Morden, T (1993) Business Strategy and planning, McGraw-Hill, London Nutt, P. C. 2006, Comparing Public and Private Sector Decision-Making Practices. J Public Adm Res Theory 16: 289-318. Wood, Frank and Sangster, Alan (2008) Business Accounting 1 , 11th edn, Prentice Hall

External Factors Such As Competition - Free Essay Example

External factors such as competition, legal, technological and social changes are pertinent in the Planned Parenthood (Gelman, et al., 2017). Different organizations are influenced by mild environmental changes that influence their stability and well-being. Besides the marketing and delivery of care are vital in creating cohesiveness. It is important to discuss the both the internal and external environmental factors and their effects on the Planned Parenthood organization marketing and the delivery of care. Also capturing the threats, opportunities, strengths as well as weaknesses in relation to the strategy and marketing. Threats Internal and external factors derails the progress of medical delivery. Factors such as competition interferes with the concrete stability as well as free flow of services. Different affiliates tend to omit their intended purpose and focuses on heightening their production (Luk?- ? ­k et al., 2016). As a result product s of low-quality as well as substandard services may be realized in cases of delivery. Additionally, social changes and acculturation destructs concrete flow of medical delivery within an organisation. Some markets ae not allowed to access some services thereby killing the progress of the system. Moreover, laxity in technological changes lowers the quality of services rendered in the parenthood organisation. Most activities are rendered worthwhile thereby killing the morale of service delivery as well as marketing activities. Opportunities External an internal factors open more gates for exploration in the medical system. More technological advancements are realized as different practitioners with mild technical know-how are employed to meet the fast moving world (Luk?- ? ­k et al., 2016). Similarly, legal changes allows the marketing department to have free flow of their services through a rational platform. The legal changes allows marketing expand their boundaries for extensive sales across varied borders. Additionally, competition increases marketing s more products are brought in the system. It helps in employing qualified personal who can compete with the world market in the medical field. Besides, competition increases marketing strategies as well as taking care of the patients in order to expand the market values. Weaknesses Patients are the major concern in the Planned Parenthood, their well-being and quality services are paramount in realizing a cohesive marketing strategy. However, internal factors such as type of leadership and management hinders the type of services that are being delivered (Gelman, et al., 2017). The approach and success of the operation are reduced to less value as the company fight to control other factors. Moreover, the credibility of the strategy and marketing technique in the Planned Parenthood is a major threat that not only derails the kind of services to be delivered thus interfering with the marketing demands. Strengths The nature of the external and internal factors in relation to the marketing strategy builds a unified process in the services delivery in the medical fields. It leads to the rise of different attitudes towards the reproductive freedom of women (Ciabuschi et al., 2015). Similarly, it heightens the formation of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which is an essentiality in approving the sale of ancient pills that are used in the birth process and procedures. Moreover, the abortion cases have found ground and are now being viewed to be less harmful and unethical as evident in the past encounters. The nature of Planned Parenthood is a significant factors in the development of a stable health care system. References Ciabuschi, F., Dellestrand, H., Mart? ­n, O. M. (2015). Internal embeddedness, headquarters involvement, and innovation importance in multinational enterprises. In Knowledge, Networks and Power (pp. 284-317). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Gelman, A., Rosenfeld, E. A., Nikolajski, C., Freedman, L. R., Steinberg, J. R., Borrero, S. (2017). Abortion stigma among low?income women obtaining abortions in Western Pennsylvania: A qualitative assessment. Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health, 49(1), 29-36. Luk?- ? ­k, I., Bianchi, G., Popper, M., Babo?- , P. (2016). Factors affecting decisions to have a second child: exploiting the theory of planned behaviour. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 47(4), 421-430.

The Rate At Walmart s Checkout Points Use Payment Cards...

Use of payment cards at stores. For my ethnography project, I chose to study and compare the rate at which shoppers at Walmart’s checkout points use payment cards to cash. For the purpose of this paper, I will refer to the people as shoppers, and medium of exchange to represent payment cards and cash. The main focus of this ethnography is to compare two media of exchange at checkout points. (Wicksell [1906] 1967, p. 17) defined a means of payment, as â€Å"an object used to pay for purchases and settle debts, and a general means of payment, which is an object that can always be used to pay for any purchase or settle any debt†. How fast is it to check out when payment cards are used compared to when cash is used at checkout points? Although the medium of exchange is the main focus of the ethnography; type of checkout and gender roles also play very important roles when using or choosing a medium of exchange. Advantages of using payment cards †¢ It’s convenient to use in a wide variety of places – in stores, on the phone or online. †¢ You can better manage your budget using your monthly statement with the details of all of your purchases. †¢ It is safer than carrying a lot of cash. †¢ You can use it as either debit or credit cards. †¢ When used, you may not be debited immediately, payments can be made in instalments depending on the bank. †¢ You are not responsible for charges if your card is stolen as long as you report it immediately. †¢ You can build your credit history. †¢ You canShow MoreRelatedElectronic Forms Of Payment Cards1742 Words   |  7 PagesPAYMENT CARDS INTRODUCTION Payments system all over the world has experienced a period of dramatic change. Consumers, businesses, and government are moving away from paper checks and towards electronic forms of payment. 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What Is a Random Number Chart in Statistics

A table of random digits is very helpful in the practice of statistics. Random digits are particularly useful for selecting a simple random sample. What Is a Table of Random Digits? A table of random digits is a listing of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. But what sets any listing of these digits apart from a table of random digits? There are two features of a table of random digits. The first property is that every digit from 0 to 9 is just as likely to appear in every entry of the table. The second feature is that the entries are independent of each other. These properties imply that there is no pattern to a table of random digits. Information about some of the table will not help at all to determine the other entries of the table. For example, the following string of digits would be a sample of a part of a table of random digits: 9 2 9 0 4 5 5 2 7 3 1 8 6 7 0 3 5 3 2 1. For convenience, these digits can be arranged in rows of blocks. But any arrangement is really just for ease of reading. There is no pattern to the digits in the above row. How Random? Most tables of random digits are not truly random. Computer programs can produce strings of digits that appear to be random, but actually, have some sort of pattern to them. These numbers are technically pseudo-random numbers. Clever techniques are built into these programs to hide the patterns, but these tables are actually nonrandom. To truly generate a table of random digits, we would need to convert a random physical process into a digit from 0 to 9. How Do We Use a Table of Random Digits? While a list of digits might hold some sort of visual aesthetic, it would be appropriate to ask why we care about tables of random digits. These tables can be used to select a simple random sample. This kind of sample is the gold standard for statistics because it allows us to eliminate bias. We use a table of random digits in a two-step process. Begin by labeling items in the population with a number. For consistency, these numbers should consist of the same number of digits. So if we have 100 items in our population, we can use the numerical labels 01, 02, 03, ., 98, 99, 00. The general rule is that if we have between 10N – 1 and 10N items, then we can use labels with N digits. The second step is to read through the table in chunks equal to the number of digits in our label. This will give us a sample of the desired size. Suppose we have a population of size 80 and want a sample of size seven. Since 80 is between 10 and 100, we can use two digit labels for this population. We will use the line of random numbers above and group these into two-digit numbers: 92 90 45 52 73 18 67 03 53 21. The first two labels do not correspond to any members of the population. Selecting members with labels 45 52 73 18 67 03 53 is a simple random sample, and we could then use this sample to do some statistics.

A Day That Has Been Celebrated For Over 200 Years - 980 Words

President Anna K. Campbell, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends: Today is a day that has been celebrated for over 200 years. For some fellow Americans today is a day of ceremonious occasion; and for others, today is a day of revision. The replacement of our nation’s president has been continuous over the past two centuries. Today I am filled with exhilaration, but I am also filled with a sanguine spirit. As I stand in the midst of my country today, I first look to the leaders before me. Through every calamity they have stood strong, through every moment of decision they have always made the foremost selection in regards to the well-being of our nation. And last, they have stood with dignity and patriotism in the midst of our anguished hours. To our citizens, I thank you for your solace to our country. In an inveigle essence, I do not question that the nation will continue to console in the leaders and higher power. As a nation, and myself included, we face the obstacles of tomorrow today. First, and foremost, we thank God of whom our founding fathers established our country on. Society has evolved thoroughly over the past centuries. We have seen war, conflict, poverty, unemployment, increase in illness, and the list lengthens. Our government faces a daily weight of dilemmas. With guidance from a higher power, I propose to service myself to our country. The conflict between Russia and our nation is quickly rising as we speak. However, as of now, our nation has not declared aShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Christian Culture864 Words   |  4 PagesTurkey has more than 120,000 Christians, it includes 80,000 Armenian 35,000 Roman Catholics, 17,000 Assyrian, 4,000 Assyrians of the Chaldean Catholic, 3,000 - 4,000 Greek Orthodox, 10,000 Antiochian Greeks. There are also 349 active churches. There are three main groups of Christianity: Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism. Catholic churches are controlled by bishops and are close with the Pope. 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Only the Umlaut accent mark and the Eszett (ß) are different. The Umlaut can be places over the vowels â€Å"a†, â€Å"u† and â€Å"o†. When placed over â€Å"a†, the sound is changed to sound similar to an â€Å"ay† sound. The â₠¬Å"à ¼Ã¢â‚¬  character makes an â€Å"eu† sound similar to the word few and the â€Å"à ¶Ã¢â‚¬  makes a sound similar to the â€Å"u† in hurt. The Eszett makes a sharp â€Å"s† sound as in the wordRead MoreThe Long Journey Undertaken By Indigenous Australians1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe long journey undertaken by indigenous Australians in their search for equality, respect and legal ownership of what is rightfully theirs, has been a long, bloody battle spanning the last 200 years and unfortunately remains largely unresolved. The Close the Gap Campaign is one example of positive attempts to strengthen the indigenous / white relationship as it offers numerous support systems for the indigenous, from the government. 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When really over consumption of material goods ultimatelyRead MorePIP Assessment for Ben Hall712 Words   |  3 PagesPIP Assessment-Ben Hall Ben Hall is believed be been born in Maitland, New South Wales on the 9th of May 1837. His parents were both ex-convicts, Eliza Somers and Benjamin Hall, who sadly passed away in 1951 which explains why he robbed many different people in New South Wales, and became one of Australia’s most wanted bushrangers that Australia has ever had, to date. Ben then became a stockman and sold cattle to all of the miners on the diggings at Lambing Flat. Be was known as a hard working

Baptist Church Visit Essay - 713 Words

Baptist Church Visit I decided to go to a Baptist Church here in Miami. The reason that I chose Coral Park Baptist Church was because most Baptist Churches that I called here in Miami had the service in Spanish but Coral Park Baptist had an English service as well. I went to the eleven o’clock service on Sunday. The whole church itself was pretty big. There is the main temple that has the regular service in Spanish and then there is a whole other building that has separate classrooms where the English service is held and other Sunday school type classes are held. There were not as many people in the English service as there were in the Spanish service because the Spanish service is the focal point of the church. In the†¦show more content†¦When the service started it began with prayer, during the service there were moments of prayer, and the service ended with prayer. Something that I found very entertaining was the form of worship that they used which was singing. They sang a lot of different songs that worshiped God. You could tell who went to church a lot because they knew all the songs by heart. For those like me that didn’t know the songs, the words were projected on to the wall so you could sing along with everyone else. There was also a live band that played the music to sing to. This part of the service was really entertaining to me and I really enjoyed it. Another part of the service that I did not get to witness was the actual baptizing part. In the English service they do not have a pool to baptize people in. They only baptize people in the Spanish service so I was not able to see this happen. The rest of the service was all about the preacher preaching. His sermon was not right out of the bible. He talked about real life situations that are related to what the bible talks about so I found it better to relate to what is going on in your life. It got pretty boring though when he kept on talking for around thirty to forty-five minutes. The whole service was around an hour and forty-five minutes to two hours. After going to the Baptist church I gained a new found respect for the Christian religion. It is not what I believe in but after going to the Baptist service I saw what itShow MoreRelatedAbortion I chose to write about the topic of Abortion because it is something most everyone1100 Words   |  5 Pagesreal reason to ever make a mockery of a sensitive situation. In all actuality causing a scene such as Westboro Baptist church often did, fed hate. Threatening women going in to procedures, send threatening letters and all it really is doing is feeding the hate. Expressing their hate enrages people and many return hate right back. Of course, I am not blaming just Westboro’s Baptist church, it comes in all forms, individuals, other organizations and even politics but most likely from a safe distanceRead MoreThe Church Of The Brentwood Baptist Church Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation about your visit. 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I sensed his passion for preaching as theyRead MoreDr. Kenneth K. Baldwin835 Words   |  4 PagesOn Monday, I went to the local Crossroads Baptist Church, located at 850 Edwards Ferry Rd NE, Leesburg, VA. This was my first time experience as I am Hindu and my parents never exposed me to any churches. Dr. Kenneth K. Baldwin was the pastor at the time I went. Luckily, I got the chance to speak with him after the service. After our brief conclusion, I realized that he had a great vision for his church and is leading it to success through his passion. I sensed his passion for preaching and religiousRead MoreThe Infancy Gospel Of James1684 Words   |  7 Pagesmessage from God about offspring. He is recorded as saying that he â€Å"shall not go down either for food or for drink until the Lord my God visits me.† In the fourth chapter, the angel of the Lord who informs her that she will conceive a child who will be known throughout the world visits Anna. Near that time, the angel of the Lord who delivers the same good news also visits Joachim. Mary is born to them nine months later. The text goes into great depths to describe Mary’s birth, saying, â€Å"Anna asked theRead MoreMy Visit to a Jewish Synagogue Essay874 Words   |  4 Pages9-12 When I visited my first Jewish synagogue, I expected it to be very different. My previous experience with religious ceremonies was limited to a few visits to Baptist churches. The most surprising thing for me at this one was, oddly enough, its similarity to Christian services and rituals. I went into the religious visit expecting an enormous difference in the customs and perhaps even in the attitudes of the people attending the service. What I found instead was a religious ceremonyRead MoreI Am The Way, And The Truth1503 Words   |  7 Pagesis the creed for Houston Baptist University. Growing up in a religious household and strong church family, this is how I proceed in everyday life. 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