The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin - 658 Words

The Story of an Hour deals with language and sentence structures to help revel the true untreated emotions that all the characters feel inside. The story also displays the inner mental strains of women whom were restrained and undervalued by unacceptable social expectations upon marriage. This story is about Mrs. Mallard’s husband’s death that turned into her freedom. Mrs. Mallard was both depressed and repressed. Mrs. Mallard thought she had found her way but in the end her husband was alive and that shock, made her pass away. The theme of this short story is learning the true identity of Louise herself ,the role of the women in marriage at the time where husbands dominates over the wife’s, a dysfunctional marriage and freedom. The inevitability of this is the conflict of what society expects of her. She was very unhappy with her marriage and thought when her husband died that she would be free from all her troubles and worries. Mrs. Mallard at first is in pani c about the new gained independence but then is overjoyed with this new found freedom. Yet, she has all the emotions in a confined room as well. When Mrs. Mallard leaves the room just as she has found her new freedom it was snatched away, just as she was barely getting to understand her new found independence. â€Å"She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long.†(Chopin) The setting in this short story is the nineteenth century in the house of the Mallard’s. The period of time this occurred is important becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this sho rt story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1457 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions and Death Everyone who reads a story will interpret things slightly different than the person who reads it before or after him or her. This idea plays out with most every story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands deathRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and then joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. As this story of an ill, helplessRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin expresses Ms. Mallard’s feelings towards her husband’s death in an appalling train accident. Due to her bad heart, her sister Josep hine had to be the bearer of bad news and approach his death gently to her. According to the quote, â€Å" But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought†, it lets us know thatRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin998 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The story of an hour† by Kate Chopin was a story that was ironical yet profoundly deep. As a student I have been asked to read â€Å"a story of an hour† many times, and every time I’m surprised by how I enjoy it. People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can draw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kat e Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes throughRead MoreThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin596 Words   |  2 PagesIn â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin focuses on the idea of freedom throughout the story. Mrs. Mallard is a lonely wife who suffers from heart trouble. She is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards that her husband has passed away in a train accident. She locks herself in a room expecting to be devastated, but instead feels freedom. Later, she exits her room and her husband walks through the door, causing her to die of a heart attack. Chopin uses this story to demonstrateRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was considered

Why Student Loan Is The Cost Of Refinancing - 1117 Words

Looking to refinance your student loans? Millions of college graduates around the country stayed with student loans that had annual percentage rates that were too high. When they signed up for these loans, they weren t worried about paying them off because graduation seemed so far away. Now the time has finally come to start repayment. Fortunately there are few good ways to ease the sting of paying back your student loans. What we are looking for when refinancing student loan is a lower APR, or annual percentage rate. The APR is a percentage of the total amount of money you borrowed that diminishes as payments are made towards the loan. Another very important thing you must consider when refinancing your loans is the cost of refinancing†¦show more content†¦With good choices, student loan refinance can save you a lot of money. From the time students found that getting loans to complete their education was easy, more and more students opted to continue their education. Previously there were many people who could not complete their education because of the lack of fund. But this is not the case these days. However, once these students get the degree, they leave college with piles of student loans also. There are many federal and non federal student loans consolidation programs that help them ease and simplify their repayment plan. Some think that simply by considering the lowest rate of interest they are done and they will be able to save lot of money. This is not true. Before selecting the student loan consolidation company, it is good to consider some essential factors. You have to see that all the terms are beneficial for you and that too in the long run. Avoid looking for short term benefits unless you are in deep and severe financial crisis. See that there are no charges and penalties for repaying your installments in advance. Even if you do not have the job right now, consider these points. This is important because in near future you are going to get the job and then you will prefer paying off all your loans as fast as possible. When considering nonShow MoreRelatedStudent Loans : The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly899 Words   |  4 Pages Running Head: STUDENT LOANS: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY. Brown-Gorham 1 Student Loans: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly Da-Mosi Brown-Gorham English 101-23 Western Carolina University Running Head: STUDENT LOANS: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY. Brown-Gorham 2 Most people are aware that federal student loans are a type of financial aid that must be repaid to the federal government, unlike grants or scholarships. Federal student loans are administered by the United States Government by way ofRead MoreDebt And Dealing With Stagnant Wages907 Words   |  4 PagesSaddled with student loan debt and dealing with stagnant wages, more and more Millennials are saying no to credit cards. According to a Bankrate survey compiled by Princeton Survey Research Associates International, 63 percent of millennials ages 18 to 29 do not have a credit card. That means more than two-thirds of millennials are shunning credit cards in favor of debit cards and cash. But why? Why are millennials so scared of credit and opting for debit cards instead? More importantly, what areRead MoreStudent Debt Is A Large ( And Growing ) Problem1811 Words   |  8 Pages Student debt has become a large (and growing) problem. The high levels of student debt have served to perpetuate economic inequality, minimizing the opportunity of higher education. In a speech this year, President Obama called higher education one of the crown jewels of this country and said it was the single most important way to get ahead.† The long term impact of student loans have given students every reason not to want to attend college, including myself. That alone has the potential toRead MoreWhich Interest Rate Will Win?3525 Words   |  15 Pagesis the reality that we, as students, are facing right now, with total college loan debts smashing over the twelve-digits tier and knockout the total credit card debt (Erin Dillion 1), currently gains the title of the second worst debt only after home mortgage (Baum). Outstanding household debt, from 2003 to 2013, Student loans has run up to $0.994 trillion dollars, making it the second from home mortgage, risen from 3% to 9%. To be precise, from 2003 to 2008, the student debts has gone up 141%, thenRead MoreThe Reform Of Higher Education1536 Words   |  7 Pagesmemories last as long as your student debt! This is what a friend recently said to his co-worker, as she recounted that she was very close to completing a key chapter in her college journey. At the time, they laughed at the joke and absentmindedly continued their daily routines without truly giving that joke any second thought. Now that they think back to it, they realize the sad reality that situation truly encompassed. We have become so conditioned, as a society, to student debt, that we don’t trulyRead MorePursuing A Career As A Speech Language Pathologist1628 Words   |  7 Pageshave the finances to attend college will have to take out some form of student loan. Student loan debt has become one of the worst financial nightmares for many young people, and at the same time, the education they receive is mediocre in comparison to the rest of the world. Unfortunately, this is true of every educational system in the nation from preschool to college. The U.S. education system spends on average $115,000 per student a year, which is significantly more than the other 34 â€Å"OrganizationRead MoreEvaluation Of A Home Loan Modification1359 Words   |  6 PagesA detail a superior home loan modification company will not overlook is to see if you meet the prerequisites for any government backed home loan modification programs. There are numerous plans out there that let homeowners do a mortgage refinance to lower interest rates, even if the loan is upside down. Check into refinancing first because if you qualify for refinance you will not benefit by home loan modification. Modify mortgage loan services work for homeowners with credit issues. If you areRead More Essay on Proposed Solution for Solving the Foreclosure Problem1373 Words   |  6 Pagesonly loans, mandatory loan modifications, government tax incentives to stay in a potentially foreclosed home and consumer education. Many years ago the mortgage companies created the thirty year home loan. It seems like this extended payment plan would benefit the homeowner by allowing more time to pay for the mortgage. The payments were smaller and more affordable than those of a shorter loan. But, the long term time frame was most favorable for the corporations. The thirty year loan planRead MoreThe Crisis Of The United Federal Reserve s Flow Of Funds1226 Words   |  5 Pagessurpassed $3 trillion and is continuing to rise (Schrager). This accumulation is not the direct outcome of irresponsible spending, but the escalation in the cost of living too. NerdWallet, a provider of financial comparison tools, analyzed data from the New York Federal Reserve and the U.S. Census Bureau to determine a 29 percent increase in the cost of living since 2003. This is compelling to the mere 26 percent growth of household income in the equivalent time. And to account for that escalation, consumersRead MoreRole Of The Con sumer Financial Protection Bureau1433 Words   |  6 PagesTamara Rose Week 2 Homework MGM520 1. State the administrative agency that controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interest you (briefly). Will this proposed regulation affect you, or the business in which you are working? If so, how? The regulation that I have chosen for this paper is amendment in the Regulation X i.e. â€Å"Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act† and Regulation Z which is for â€Å"Truth in Lending†, for establishing the new disclosure requirements

Cooperative Learning Is Defined As An Interdependent Group Education Essay Free Essays

Dahley ( 1994 ) identifies classroom needs that advance a comfy concerted acquisition environment in schools. Using the concerted acquisition scheme increases pupil accomplishment, societal accomplishments, post-school success, and the use of resources. Research supports this scheme as an engaging environment for the scholar ensuing in higher academic accomplishment and self-pride in pupils. We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Learning Is Defined As An Interdependent Group Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This in bend increases the overall satisfaction of larning in pupils and promotes the desire to accomplish, every bit good as creates practical accomplishments needed in the concern universe. Johnson A ; Johnson ( n.d. ) advocate the usage of concerted acquisition in any type of course of study that group work is executable. The standards for effectual execution in any schoolroom include the alteration of bing resources as one of the foundations for this scheme. Furthermore, the instructor is required to understand the demands environing the course of study, capable, and pupils. This will let for the appraisal of effectual heterogenous grouping constructions within the schoolroom. There are five indispensable constituents presented for instructors to see when organizing concerted acquisition groups. The first is group size. Small groups of two to five are most effectual, particularly with heterogenous grouping. The 2nd constituent is group map. Functionality of a group involves coaction, job resolution, treatments, brainstorming, and sharing resources to get at a reciprocally good finish. Another of import facet is group norms, which are cultivated over clip by making th e groups and keeping them to the criterions of mutuality for accomplishment. Next, group accomplishments are required to be taught throughout the procedure. Teaching and reenforcing the coveted accomplishments of teamwork, back uping others in the group, credence, positive interactions, and struggle declaration will non merely assist the pupils understand what is expected of them in their groups, but these accomplishments besides transfer to other countries such as the schoolroom, school, and community. Finally, ends and regulations are to be communicated clearly to the pupils. This is of import for group building every bit good as the activities the groups must carry through together. Kagan ( 1994 ) focuses on prosecuting mutuality that involves all pupils hand in glove and non competitively. Grouping should be structured to profit all group members every bit and use the different strengths of each member to counterbalance for any lacks. When instructors create a concerted acquisition environment to show lesson stuff to carefully selected heterogenous groups, the cooperation of pupils will increase and competitory behaviours become diminished. Even though competition is a normal behaviour exhibited by pupils, inordinate usage of competition can sabotage accomplishment in the schoolroom. Cooperation does non exhibit this quality. It enhances larning by making a structured acquisition environment that requires the pupil to be an active participant in the acquisition procedure, as opposed to a inactive perceiver in a schoolroom. Reducing competition in the schoolroom besides provides an chance for ELL pupils to take hazards they usually would non. Concerted acquisiti on is motivational for ELL pupils as it gives multiple positions within the group, it leads to deeper apprehension of the stuff, and it allows them to build cognition by detecting other pupils using higher-level thought ( Colorado, 2007 ) . The effectual execution of concerted acquisition entails five elements. The first component, positive mutuality, ensures the trust on each group member to finish the undertakings. Face-to-face interaction is the 2nd, and it requires each group member to interact personally with each member in a positive mode. Following, the answerability of each group member assures that the 3rd component of single engagement is met. The 4th, societal accomplishments, builds the environment for larning the necessary accomplishments throughout the interactions of the group every bit good as heightening accomplishments brought in from the members. Finally, group processing assesses the group through the positive and negative sentiments of the group members ( Dahley, 1994, Johnson A ; Johnson, n.d. , Kagan, 1994 ) . The fortunes that allow for the usage of this scheme are illimitable. From pre-school to high school, the group interaction creates an mutuality that promotes socially responsible behaviour and increased accomplishment. When this attack is used to better linguistic communication accomplishments, the pupils have the ability to believe at a higher degree, hear and discourse the sentiments of other pupils, and associate the stuff to their lives in a more echt manner. An illustration of an activity affecting this scheme is the Think-Pair-Share activity ( Kagan, 1994 ) . The pupils begin by working separately on the inquiries that are given for a specific subject, such as designation and comparing of characters in a book the category is reading. After about 10 proceedingss, the pupils are grouped in braces where they discuss the replies to their inquiries with each other. After about five proceedingss, the braces so portion their replies with other squads or the whole group. This scheme h elps ELL pupils communicate what they are believing to a schoolmate in a less baleful environment and acquire the position of other pupils. Concerted grouping has many different attacks. Groups can be little as braces or big as required to run into the aims of the instructional activity. Ideally, they should incorporate three to five heterogenous pupils for the bulk of activities assigned. Homogeneous grouping, or ability grouping, can hold some benefits but is by and large best to be used meagerly, particularly with ELL pupils. Grouping ELL pupils homogeneously will non let for linguistic communication growing, as they will non hold entree to the equal patterning necessary to increase their linguistic communication accomplishments. Randomly puting pupils in groups can be effectual every bit long as all groups can run into the instructional ends of the activity, and there is a low incidence of ELL pupils in the schoolroom. Effective arrangement in heterogenous groups requires instructors to be cognizant of the ability degrees and societal accomplishments of the pupils in order to fit up complimentary accomplishments. Concerted grouping used to assist pupils with written look helps pupils derive experience by working through the authorship procedure. This is particularly good to ELL pupils. The instructor can make assorted ability groups where the stronger authors are able to assist the weaker 1s. Groups can be created to get down the authorship procedure with prewriting, which calls for brainstorming subject thoughts. All pupils can easy lend to this measure. After pupils have selected a subject, they can compose their rough bill of exchange in braces. When it is clip for alteration and redaction, group members take bends reading the documents and adding remarks, inquiries, or corrections as needed until the concluding bill of exchange is completed. This gives pupils the experience of reading the documents of other pupils as the composing procedure unfolds and the chance to better their ain authorship accomplishments through equal ratings. Working in little groups can assist ELL pupils larn how to work together and convey out larning chances that may hold been missed by independent work entirely. When pupils have a clear common end to work toward they can utilize their accomplishments to assist each other learn ( Gootman, 2001 ) . By promoting effectual communicating between equals to work out jobs in a safe orderly environment, a instructor is promoting societal growing and acquisition every bit good as academic accomplishment. As pupils learn to interact efficaciously with other pupils, accepting and lending different thoughts from the group as a whole it non merely builds assurance in the pupil socially, it strengthens the sense of accomplishment in academic undertakings. For ELL pupils, this provides a safe acquisition environment for them to larn and spread out their cognitive linguistic communication accomplishments within a societal context. Using concerted larning groups non merely develops psychosocial accomplishments in a safe and controlled environment, but besides creates state of affairss for ELL pupils to develop their linguistic communication accomplishments through equal mold. Cooperative acquisition allows ELL pupils who may non understand a given assignment to acquire aid from equals who do. Most pupils enjoy group work, and when they work in groups it can be a manner to promote them to take part in a undertaking that may be otherwise disputing or hard for them. The drawback to this is that some pupils can merely let the others to make their work for them, but if the instructor is watching closely, it should be evident who is lending and who is non and the instructor can step in as needed. There is a high degree of pupil battle with concerted grouping. All of the pupils have a undertaking and actively concentrate on making their portion. They can utilize thoughts from each other to come up with a solution to their group job. Concerted behaviours occur when the pupils who are more knowing aid those who are fighting in order to finish the undertaking as a group. This allows ELL pupils to construct their linguistic communication accomplishments. How to cite Cooperative Learning Is Defined As An Interdependent Group Education Essay, Essay examples

Free Catch

Free Catch-22s: Caught in the System Catch-2 Essay 2Catch-22 Caught in the System The major theme of Catch-22 is the individual vs. the system. Heller creates a setting in which the characters represent either exploiter or exploited. The struggle of characters to maintain their individuality is a thread which holds the novel together. To the military system, soldiers are not people; theyre just uniforms and numbers. Oddly, enemies are found fighting alongside each other. The catch itself is representative of what oppresses the soldiers who are fighting to escape the war. The catch is used as justification for every violation of human rights. The catch means whatever they(the system) want it to. Characters are persuaded to believe in the system rather than oppose it. As Yossarian discovers, Catch-22 did not exist. ..but it made no difference. What did matter, is that everyone thought it did, and that was much worse, for there was no object or text to criticize, attack, amend, hate, revile, spit at, rip to shreds, trample upon or burn up(419). The only possible way to affect the system is to cease to serve it, Yossarian discovers. As stated by Vance Ramsey, people react to meaninglessness by renouncing their humanity, becoming cogs in the machine(178). On a consistent basis, each chapter of Catch-22 depicts a scenario of the individual vs. the system. According to one critic,Each chapter carries a single character a step nearer madness or death or both,(Frank 81). Walsh clarifies, In the world of Catch-22, it is all too easy to become the man in white a reference to a wounded hospitalized man, a mass of bandages with a mouth hole, a tube for - a name and a military rank(203). The individual vs. the system and the loss of individuality are reoccurring themes in Hellers Catch-22. The reoccurrence of these ideas is an important thread that binds this novel together.

Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment

The basic nature of employee-employer interaction is dictated by the nature of exchange in the employment relationship. An employment relationship is a contract based on a mutually agreed on, voluntary made exchange of promises. In this exchange, each party stands to gain if the exchange agreement is fulfilled and again, each party loses if it is not (Spielberger, 2008, p. 494)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A contract is always born from between the employer and employee when the employee agrees the terms of employment in which case the acceptance may entail paperwork or just a word of mouth. There are three elements to the contract: offer, an â€Å"acceptance,† and consideration, which typically takes the form of a â€Å"promise by the employee to perform services in exchange for the promise by the employer to pay for su ch services† (Reid and Standryk, 2004) The employment relationship is usually documented in a contract of employment which can be a written statement contains certain terms and conditions regarding a given job. However, it necessarily does not have to be in writing, in which case it is called a psychological contract. The basic indication of the existence of an employment contract is the consent of both the employee and the employer to fulfill their obligations, with the former willing to work with expectation of compensation from the latter. It is from this contract that the basis for the relationship between the two parties is drawn, with the contract giving both parties certain rights and obligations called contractual terms, which should complement the rights enjoyed under the statutory labor laws, for example, the right to paid annual leave. Here, an introduction into the content and nature of the employment relationship is given, followed by a definition of the written c ontract of employment, expounding on the statutory rights, formation, and termination. In addition, the psychological contract of employment is discussed which includes its formation and breach. Key Differences between Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment The main difference between a written and psychological contract lies on how they are made such that, a written contract is always documented and provides duties and responsibilities in a generalized form, while psychological contract involves perceive obligation on the part of both employer and employee. In this case, a written contract will require have specific wording regarding the responsibilities of either party as well as terms of the contract while a psychological contract will only entail reasonable judgement about responsibilities one should undertake.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Robi nson (1996), Psychological contracts tend to be primarily subjective as they depend on what either party to the contract believes is contained in the promise, in which case both parties may have contradicting interpretation. On the other hand, written contracts are objective and clearly stated in the contract form such that both parties expect the same results from the contract. Due to the uncertainty nature of the psychological contracts, it is always difficult to resolve disputes, more so because evidence of agreement may not be categorically substantiated unlike in written contracts where signed and formalized documentation cannot be ignored. Psychological contracts are normally established informally through dialogue between the employer and employee on the role each of them can perform in the contract, without specifically outlining the details of the duties each party will perform. In the case of written contracts, the contract document will contain explicit outline of duties and expectations of the contract, which must be signed by the both parties, thus acting as compete piece of evidence in the event a dispute arises. Although it is important to provide all employees with written contracts, some assignments such as freelancer may not need written contracts. Breach of the psychological contract basically arises when either party to the contract feels that the other party has not fulfilled his obligation as promised. Since the magnitude of the breach may not be explicitly defined, the person who feels aggrieved will be affected psychologically and emotionally, with the response being loss of loyalty or loss of motivation, thus leading to general underperformance in the long run. Worse still, unresolved breach of psychological contracts may prove costly especially if there interference with the firm’s reputation as perceived by outsiders (Robinson, 1996). On the other hand, breach of written contracts is easily quantified, especially where either party fails to meet expectations, while resolution for the same is always included in the contract form. Formation of a written employment contract normally takes place upon the commencement of the contractual obligation, and according to the statutory requirement, the employer has the mandate to ensure the written contract form is provided to the employee not more than two months after the first day of employment. Therefore, any instance of holding the contract document, as is the case with some employers, is a violation of law, while the employee has the right to demand for the same without any form of intimidation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Under the written contracts, terms and conditions of termination are explicitly stated, which in most cases may include lapse of time, mutual agreement, one party giving notice of term ination or summary dismissal especially due to breach of terms. However, there are instances where legal redress may be sought especially when there is no ‘just cause’ for termination. Using Appropriate Theoretical Discussion, Identify How Psychological Contracts Can Be Broken By Employers Employees’ perceptions of employer psychological contract fulfillment/breach provide the basis upon which employees reciprocate. The assumption made here is that employees have delivered on the terms of their exchange so that the basis for employer reciprocation (i.e. employer fulfillment of obligations) exists (Conway and Coyle-Shapiro, 2006). One challenge arises on how to measure that the psychological contract has been breached, given that what one perceives as a breach may not necessarily appear as breach of contract to the other. For instance, some changes in the behavior of the boss concerning the relationship with employees such as refraining from routine morning greeti ngs or reverting to phone conversations instead of routine face to face discussions may appear as a breaking the psychological contract to the employee, but not to the employer. However, certain breaches of contract have far-reaching effect, thus should be addressed before they become detrimental to the firm. Poor human resource policies are likely to cause breach of psychological contracts from the employee’s perspective. In some cases, employees will perceive a broken psychological contract when promises made by the employer about human resource practices do not add up to what is actually delivered (Conway and Briner, 2005, p. 65). Employees require mentorship, guidance, and support from their boss while in the organization. Where such support is unavailable, employees feel that their social well-being is ignored and that the employer has failed to perform his part of psychological contract (Conway and Briner, 2005, p. 65). The ever-changing business environment including c ompetition in the labour market has forced organization to rethink their strategies, more so in human resources, with the primary aim being to improve employment relationship.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result of the dynamic climate, employment contractual relationships are becoming more and more threatened, while the hitherto security of tenure and reward for employee loyalty and performance is changing shape. Indeed, psychological contracts are becoming even more risky as most employers and employees alike are more likely to breach their part of bargain (Robinson, 1996). Oftentimes, employees will perceive that employers have broken their contractual obligation and will always react through reducing their level of performance, changing the way they behave in the organization, and always seeking an opportunity to leave the firm for another. Conclusion The world of business is rapidly changing, especially with globalization bringing about integration of both commodity and labour markets on a global level. In this case, competition has gone a notch higher, calling for organizations to restructure their internal resource policies, more importantly on human resources in order to attain a competitive advantage; indeed, organizations are â€Å"pressured to make rapid changes and accommodations to their workforce and employment policies† (Cappelli, 1999, Coffey, Cook, and Hunsaker, 1994). Moreover, it is becoming important for employers to appreciate the role played by employees in organizations’ performance and must find a balancing act on how they must â€Å"manage, renegotiate, and in some cases, violate the psychological contract that they have established with their employees† (Rousseau 1995). Nevertheless, it is paramount that organizations rethink on the effective way to fulfill their roles in psychological contracts in addition to formal written contract given that such contracts are almost inevitable, otherwise they will be always under financial and reputation risk. Reference List Cappelli, P., 1999. The new deal at work: managing the market-driven workforce. MA, Harvard Business Press. Coffey, R. E., Cook C. W., and Hunsaker, P. L., 1994. Management and Organizational Behavior. 3rd Edition. NY, McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Conway, N. and Briner, R. B., 2005. Understanding psychological contracts at work: a critical evaluation of theory and research. NY, Oxford University Press. Conway, N. and Coyle-Shapiro, J. A. M., 2006. Reciprocity and Psychological Contracts: Employee Performance and Contract Fulfillment. London, WC1E 7HX, UK. Web. Reid, R. B. and Standryk, L. E., 2004. The Written Employment Contract. Lancaster. Brooks Welch LLP. Web. Robinson, L. S., 1996. Trust and Breach of the Psychological Contract. Journal of Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 41. Web. Rousseau, D. M., 1995. Psychological contracts in organizations: understanding written and unwritten agreements. NJ, SAGE. Spielberger, C. D., 2008. Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Volume 2. MO, Academic Press. Web. This essay on Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment was written and submitted by user Arjun P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Indonesian Nationalism essays

Indonesian Nationalism essays Nationalism as the dominant force behind the Indonesian independence movement is the leading theme presented in the video, Barrel of a gun. The turn of the twentieth century marked the beginning of nationalist stirrings in Indonesia against the ruling Dutch empire. Fuelled by dissent and second-class treatment, nationalistic ideals and propaganda began to spread throughout the native Indonesian population and ignite. However, the spread of nationalism would not have been so great without particular factors. Firstly, Sukarno, as the charismatic leader of the movement laid the foundations of a nationalist stronghold. Secondly, the Japanese invasion during World War 2 paved a pathway for Indonesian independence. Thirdly, international support for the Indonesian push against a dominant western power, finally tipped the rule of the Dutch colonialists. Nationalism in Indonesia culminated with independence being achieved in 1949. (Osborne, 1997; 154-161) ( Barrel of a Gun, Video) The emergence of a pro-independence nationalistic movement stems from Dutch educated Indonesians in the early part of the twentieth century. The Russo-Japanese war of 1905 demonstrated for the first time, the ability for an Asian nation to defeat a major Western power. ( Heidhues, 2000; 122) This ignited fervent belief amongst Indonesian intellects to overcome the conquering Dutch. However, early attempts in the 1920s at revolution backfired. Without the mass support of the Indonesian population, the early uprisings headed by the Indonesian Communist Party, were quelled, resulting in many Indonesians becoming prisoners and being exiled. ( Church, 1995; 45) It was during this period that the most influential and charismatic of leaders surfaced, Sukarno. Unlike the Vietnamese spread of nationalism whereby there was only one party striving for independence, Sukarno and his Communist party were the leading party out of numerous nationalis...

Science policy studies - Was there a BSE crisis Essay

Science policy studies - Was there a BSE crisis - Essay Example This disease is characterized by a 4 – 5 years incubation period and its effects are adverse; after a few weeks of its onset, it often leads to the death of cattle. Researchers have indicated that as BSE gets into the brain of cattle; the spinal cord and the brain itself get affected, resulting to lesions that have alterations that are sponge-like. These lesions can be seen under the normal microscope. Some researchers have also indicated that the BSE agent is very stable, with the capability of resisting heat, drying and freezing, and more critically, resisting heat applicable in the processes of sterilization and pasteurization. This property has raised a controversy over BSE agent’s nature, as several theories have sought to explain such nature. It has been generally assumed that the BSE was derived from the disease scrapie, which occurs in sheep (Millstone and van Zwanenberg, 32), though there is no any evidence from experiments to show that this assumption is true. Further, there lacks a proof to show that BSE agent would behave like scrapie agent, which does not find its way into the human beings, when they consume the meat products that are from infected animals. Generally, the roots of the BSE crisis dates back to the traditional food policy-making and UK Agriculture. The scientists in the UK first unravelled the disease in 1986 and by the year 2002, cases preceding 181, 376 had been confirmed. After the initial discovery, the disease had also been confirmed out of the UK from 1989. This led to an alarming call that initiated the introduction of programmes for monitoring the spread of the BSE in cattle that were slaughtered or found dead. 12 countries unveiled the presence of the disease in their territories including Spain, Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Japan, Italy, Israel, Greece, Germany, Finland, Czech Republic and Austria (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, 4). Measures for preventing

Strategic Planning for Tourism in Abu Dhabi Essay

Strategic Planning for Tourism in Abu Dhabi - Essay Example However, the primary aim of this paper is to identify role of Masdar in improving the travel and tourism industry Masdar City and to develop a set of plausible and actionable strategic recommendations to the company that will help it in this respect. Currently, the company has five units i.e. Masdar City, Masdar Power, Masdar Carbon, Masdar Capital and Masdar Institute (Masdar-b, n.d). This paper will attempt to deal with the company’s Masdar City as this unit is engaged in infrastructural development that lead to the growth of the travel and tourism industry. This unit strives to develop a â€Å"global clean-technology cluster† called Masdar City which is situated â€Å"17km from downtown Abu Dhabi† (Masdar-c, n.d.). Masdar City can be developed as a major tourists’ destination. The company is aiming to develop this city backed with renewable energy and it is well designed with 40,000 residents. The primary essence of the Masdar City is on innovative tech nologies through R&D. United Arab Emirates (UAE) is now focusing on its tours and travel industry. The UAE Government has aimed to develop its important cities as a popular tourist attraction. For example, in Dubai, the leisure and hotel industry has grown significantly. The travel and tourism industry of Masdar City has a direct competition with Dubai. Moreover, other Gulf countries like Saudi Arab, Kuwait, and Oman etc are also trying to develop their travel and tourism industry. On the other hand, Middle East courtiers like Egypt are major tourist destinations and they are the major competitor of Masdar City in travel and tourism industry (Deulgaonkar, 2011). Tourism and travel industry primarily belong to global market as it targets entire global population. Therefore, the competition in travel and tourism industry is very high. 1.2. Communications Analysis The Masdar is highly respectable company of UAE and it has developed a higher corporate image in the market. The company is a focus-point for the entire nation as it is one the most developed renewable energy company. It has been continuously working for the development of the entire country especially for Abu Dhabi. One of the major tools for the company is its communicational and promotional activities. Its corporate website is critical medium for developing communication with its target audience. In order to develop ‘two-way’ communicational system, it has partnered with several social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter etc. It is also using its website for its advertising strategies and for delivering market signals. The organization generally communicates with target audience to spreading awareness regarding renewable energy, its projects, recent developments etc. Its communicational developments can play a very significantly role in developing the Masdar City as major tourists’ attraction. 1.3. Issue Analysis The Masdar has been successfully maintaining its public relation with its target audience through media partnering and through its corporate website. However, in order to develop the tourism industry of Masdar City in the global market, its communication is not unique and effective. It must be taken into consideration, that for competing in the global market, its communication must reach to global market.

Uk and Eu have created a legal and regulatory system that encourages Essay

Uk and Eu have created a legal and regulatory system that encourages the adoption and growth of e-commerce - Essay Example 41). This piece of research paper addresses the regulatory activities of UK and EU in last 15 years to encourage the adoption and growth of E-Commerce and how it has provided a framework to protect the rights of consumers. An Overview of EU’s E-Commerce Directive In 2000, European Union has first adopted regulations to foster E-commerce throughout the regions of EU (Plotkin, Wells and Wimmer, 2003, p. 14-60) and in 2002 it also has set certain rules and regulations in order to provide consumers within the EU with more comforts in buying of goods or services from online. One of the very fundamental objective of this regulation was to ensure that customers’ rights are protected. These rules and regulations have clearly defined how the protection can be applied. The protection applied only to those consumers who visited a commercial website setting specific directions regarding how a business should operate its website and virtual business environment (Sparrow 2009, p. 41) . According to EU regulations, every company that operates a virtual website must adhere strictly to the rules and regulations if the business offers good or services to its customers online. When a business fails to strictly comply with these regulations, the business will be legally liable and will be prosecuted accordingly. EU’s regulations about E-Commerce has been considered to be a cornerstone in electronic marketplace. These regulations, often termed as E-Commerce Directive or Distance Selling Directive, were established in 2000 to foster the expansion of E-Commerce by developing a ‘country of origin’ rule that promoted free movement of E-Commerce within the EU member countries. The regulations have defined the limit of how extent one member state may regulate electronic commercial activity entering its boarders from another member state (Plotkin, Wells and Wimmer, 2003, p. 14-60). Sparrow (2009, p. 41) stressed that the E-Commerce directive developed by E U was to encourage greater use of E-Commerce by removing the barriers throughout the Europe and to enhance consumers’ confidence by making them and businesses aware of their rights and obligations to each others when dealing through online. The regulations were more likely to promote a single market in Europe by developing movement of ‘information society services’ across the European economic area. EU directive as British Law Internet Magazine in 2002 reported that the E-Commerce regulations implemented by EU has also been adopted by UK and considered as its Law. When it has been considered as part of English law, the wide-ranging legislation particularly affected ISPs and how the businesses would be held if they dealt with illegal content on the websites. When UK has adopted the EU directive, the major intentions were to boost confidence in e-commerce. According to UK’s regulations, those businesses that failed to adhere to the regulations have been subj ect to a ‘stop now’ order by which these businesses were forced to change their online-procedures or business practices. EU Directive promoted growth of E-Commerce Computer Weekly in 2003 reported that European Union’s E-Commerce Directive has already increased the take-up of online services and proved highly

Unexpected Halide Transfer: Aluminium and the Lanthanoids

Unexpected Halide Transfer: Aluminium and the Lanthanoids Unexpected Halide Transfer: Complex Reorganisation Between Aluminium and the Lanthanoids. Glen B. Deacon, David J. Evans and Peter C. Junk.* This submission was created using the RSC Communication Template (DO NOT DELETE THIS TEXT) (LINE INCLUDED FOR SPACING ONLY DO NOT DELETE THIS TEXT) [Pr(MeCN)9][AlCl4]3.MeCN undergoes reorganisation upon the addition of an ether. In the case of recrystallisation from tetrahydrofuran, the ionic nature is lost, whereas the addition of crown ether gives reorganisation, whilst maintaining ionic character. Isolation of homoleptic ionic trivalent lanthanoid complexes, under non aqueous conditions, has been investigated using nitrogen based ligand systems 1-5. The interest surrounding these homoleptic complexes is attributed to their potential catalytic properties 3,5. Under non aqueous conditions, the use of highly labile ligands, such as solvent molecules, presents the possibility of exposing the metal centre, hence providing a site for catalysis and thus can be considered to be ‘near naked 3. Complexes involving Ln3+ ions, that can be considered ‘near naked’ have to date been restricted to complexes such as [Ln(MeCN)n]3+ , with anions such as AsF6 and AlCl4 3-5. With this in mind, we have investigated the ability to access homoleptic ‘near naked’ Ln3+ complexes with tetrahydrofuran (thf) ligands. Currently, no such complexes have been reported for the smaller trivalent species unlike the larger divalent species, for which there is precedent viz. [Sm(thf)7][BPh4]2 6. Exploitation of the coordination abilities of crown ether has been investigated with the isolation of [ScCl2(18-crown-6)][FeCl4]. Via Sc n.m.r it has been shown that [ScCl(thf)(18-crown-6)][FeCl4]2 and then subsequently [Sc(thf)2(18-crown-6)][FeCl4]3 can be synthesised even though it has not been structurally characterised. With this in mind it should therefore be possible to isolate similar adducts in MeCN. Results and Discussion Homoleptic acetonitrile Ln3+ complexes can be obtained via two pathways viz equations 1 and 2 3. It was our intention to extend this chemistry to involve homoleptic Ln3+ complexes with ether ligands in place of MeCN. In reactions analogous to equations 1 and 2 with thf in place of MeCN, we found to our surprise [LnCl3(thf)2]n (Ln = Pr, Nd) was the sole Ln complex isolatable. This suggests that the complex is formed by a concerted process whereby AlCl4 binds to Ln3+ releasing AlCl3, allowing binding of another AlCl4 and so on until complete halide transfer to Ln3+ occurs yielding LnCl3(thf)n (equations 3, 4). Similarly, addition of 18-crown-6 to [Pr(MeCN)9][AlCl4]3 resulted in reorganisation to [(PrCl(à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œCl)(18-crown-6))2][AlCl4]2.2(MeCN) (1) † . Isolation of 1 illustrates there is an equilibrium in solution involving [Pr(MeCN)9][AlCl4]3.(MeCN). Conductivity measurements show a 1:3 electrolyte 7.This is in contrast to that previously reported for the Sm complex by Hu and supported by Bà ¼nzli for which a 1:2 is electrolyte is reported 4,8. We believe that the complex [Ln(MeCN)9][AlCl4]3.(MeCN) undergoes rearrangement in solution ranging from a 1:3 down to a 1:2 electrolyte (equation 5). This change in coordination environment of the lanthanoid metal establishes the pathway to halide transfer involving a transient species related to that shown in Figure 1. Structural motifs similar to this have been observed for several lanthanoid complexes including [Sm(ÃŽÂ ®6-C6Me6)(AlCl4)3] .toluene 9,10. The reaction is completed by the substitution of MeCN by the crown ether and cleavage of the bridging Al–Cl bonds in a similar fashion to that observed for reactions involving thf. Complex 1 has a nine coordinate Pr centre that is bound to all six oxygens of the crown ether. The Pr is also bound to one terminal and a bridging chloride, and dimerises through an inversion centre. There is a distinct change in bond lengths between the terminal (Pr-Clter 2.715(2)Ã…) and bridging chlorides (Pr-Clbr 2.839(2) and 2.858(2)Ã…) as would be expected with similar changes identified in [PrCl(à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­-Cl)(tetraethyleneglycol)]2 11. The distances for Pr-Ocrown range from 2.572(4) 2.590(7)Ã…, following the same trends in the related cation [(DyCl(à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œCl)(dibenzo18-crown-6))2][(DyCl3(à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œCl)(MeCN))2] 12, albeit with a lengthening of Ln-O in line with increased ionic radius between Dy and Pr. The crown ethers adopt a saddle type morphology with the metal residing in almost the centre of the cavity made by the O1, O3, O4, O6 (0.601Ã…) plane and the O2, O5 (0.491Ã…) plane. The crown ether collapses to accommodate the smaller size of the Pr3+ which is evident in the planes derived by the oxygen atoms of the crown. The angle between plane 1 (O1, O2, O5, O6) and plane 2 (O2, O3, O4, O5) is 125.71o showing this slight closure to ensure that the oxygen atoms are all bound. This closure of the crown ether is observed for all the Ln3+ 18-crown-6 complexes in which the angle closes from 129.74o in complex [LaCl3(18-crown-6)] 13 through to 68.95o in [Lu(CH2(SiCH3))2(18-crown-6)][(CH2(SiCH3))B(C6H5)3].C2H4Cl2 14 owing to the reduction in size of the ionic radius of the Ln centre. Notes and references All reactions were carried out under dry nitrogen using dry box and standard Schlenk techniques. Solvents were dried by distillation from sodium wire/benzophenone (thf) or CaH/P2O5 (MeCN). IR and far IR data were obtained as described previously 15. Metal analyses were carried out by complexiometric EDTA titration with the addition of 5% sulphosalicylic acid to mask Al 16. Anhydrous AlCl3, LnCl3, and 18-crown-6 were supplied by Sigma Aldrich. AlCl3 was freshly sublimed prior to use. Conductivity measurements were carried out on a Crison Conductimeter 522 (serial no; 3807), using a locally manufactured air-sensitive cell. The complex [Pr(MeCN)9] [AlCl4]3 was made using previous published methods 3 and conductivity measurements were carried out as mentioned above (367.97 S cm2 mol-1 1.097 x 10-3 mol dm-3, MeCN). 1: Method A: [Pr(MeCN)9][AlCl4]3. MeCN (0.20g, 0.19 mmol) and 18-crown-6 (0.20g, 0.57 mmol), was dissolved in MeCN (30 ml). The solution was stirred and heated to near boiling to assist dissolution. The resulting green solution was then filtered and reduced in-vacuo. The solution was then cooled at -30oC yielding small green crystals. (0.21 g (81%)). m.p. 170oC(dec), C28H54Al2Cl12N2O12Pr2; calcd. Pr 10.27; found Pr 10.68%. I.r absorption (Nujol): cm-1. Unit cell collection confirms the same product as via method A. Method B: A mixture of PrCl3 (0.10 g, 0.40 mmol), AlCl3 (0.16 g, 1.20 mmol) and 18-crown-6 (0.29g, 0.83 mmol), was dissolved in MeCN (30 ml). The solution was stirred and heated to near boiling to assist dissolution. The resulting green solution was then filtered and reduced in-vacuo. The solution was then cooled at -30oC yielding small green crystals. (0.44 g (87%)). m.p. 170oC(dec), C28H54Al2Cl12N2O12Pr2; calcd. Pr 10.27; found Pr 10.42% I.r absorption (Nujol): 2291w, 2253s, 1644w, 1353s, 1291s, 1248s, 1082s, 1034s, 966s, 925w, 878w, 837s, 802w cm-1. 27Al nmr: 104 ppm(AlCl4) † X-ray data for complex 1 was collected on a Nonius Kappa CCD, MoKà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ radiation,à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¬ = 0.71073 Ã…, T = 123(2)K. The structure was solved and refined using the programs SHELXS-97 17 and SHELXL-97 18 respectively. The program X-Seed 19 was used as an interface to the SHELX programs, and to prepare the figures. 1: [(Pr(Cl2)(C12H24O6))2][AlCl4]2.2(C2H3N): C28H54Al2Cl12N2O12Pr2, M = 1371.91, green prismatic, 0.40 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ 0.40 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ 0.30 mm, monoclinic, space group P21/n (No. 14), a = 12.377(3), b = 15.356(3), c = 14.387(3) Ã…,à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ = 107.97(3) °, V = 2601.0(9) Ã…3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.752 g/cm3, F000 = 1360, Nonius Kappa CCD, MoKà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ radiation,à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¬ = 0.71073 Ã…, T = 123(2)K, 2à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±max = 56.6 º, 20600 reflections collected, 6215 unique (Rint = 0.0864). Final GooF = 1.022, R1 = 0.0478, wR2 = 0.1052, R indices based on 4182 reflections with I >2sigma(I) (refinement on F2), 263 parameters, 0 restraints. Lp and absorption corrections applied,à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­ = 2.551 mm-1. Fig. 2 The structure of the cation [{PrCl(à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­-Cl)(18C6)}2]2+. Hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity. Thermal ellipsoids shown at 35%. Coordination environment of the atom Pr(1) with applicable bond lengths (Ã…) and angles(o). Symmetry transformations used to generate equivalent atoms: -x+1,-y+1,-z+1. Pr(1) O(1), O(2), O(3), O(4), O(5), O(6), Cl(1), Cl(2), Cl(2), 2.572(4), 2.579(4), 2.574(3), 2.590(4), 2.588(4), 2.587(6), 2.715(2), 2.839(2), 2.858(2). Cl(1)-Pr(1)-Cl(2), Cl(2), 144.30(4), 143.18(4), Cl(2) Pr Cl(2),72.52(4). Fig.1 Proposed cation structure observed prior to ether coordination and subsequent cleavage of Al– Cl bonds. 1Evans, W. J.; Rabe, G. W.; Ziller, J. W. Inorg. Chem 1994, 33, 3072-3078. 2Willey, G. R.; Aris, D. R.; Errington, W. Inorg. Chim. Acta 2001, 318, 97-102. 3Deacon, G. B.; Gortler, B.; Junk, P. C.; Lork, E.; Mews, R.; Petersen, J.; Zemva, B. J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans 1998, 3887-3891. 4Hu, J.-Y.; Shen, Q.; Jin, Z.-S. Chinese.Sci.Bull 1990, 35, 1090. 5Shen, Q.; Hu, J.-Y.; Jin, Z.-S.; Sun, J. Zhongguo Xitu Xuebao (J. Chinese Rare Earth Society) 1990, 8, 359. 6Evans, W. J.; Johnston, M. A.; Greci, M. A.; Gummersheimer, T. S.; Ziller, J. W. Polyhedron 2003, 22, 119-126. 7Geary, W. J. J. Coord. Chem. 1971, 7, 81. 8Bunzli, J.-C. G.; Milicic-Tang, A. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 252, 221-228. 9Cotton, F. A.; Schwotzer, W. Organometallics 1987, 6, 1275. 10Cotton, F. A.; Schwotzer, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4657. 11Rodgers, R. D.; Henry, R. F. Acta Cryst. Sect. C 1992, 48, 1099. 12Rodgers, R. D.; Rollins, A. N.; Etzenhouser, R. D.; Voss, E. J.; Bauer, C. B. Inorg. Chem 1993, 32, 3451. 13Crisci, G.; Meyer, G. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1994, 620, 1023-1027. 14Arndt, S.; Spaniol, T. P.; Okauda, J. Chem. Commun. 2002, 896. 15Deacon, G. B.; Feng, T.; Junk, P. C.; Skelton, B. W.; Sobolev, A. N.; White, A. H. Aust. J. Chem. 1998, 51, 75-89. 16Schwarzenbach, G.; Flaschka, H. A. Complexometric titrations; 2nd English ; ed.; Methuen: London,, 1969. 17Sheldrick, G. M. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A 1990, 46, 467. 18Sheldrick, G. M. Shelx97; A program for crystal structure refinement; release 97-2 ed.: Germany, 1997. 19Barbour, L. J. Supramol. Chem 2001, 1, 189. 1

Comment Paper On Everything Th -- essays research papers

Everything That Rises Must Converge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story, “Everything That Rises Must Converge';; Flannery O’Conner uses a number of devices to make an organized plot. Causality, repetition, and structure all contribute in making the plot interesting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The exposition consumes the beginning of the story. This is important because it gives the reader a better understanding of the characters, and sets tones for causality. Being introduced first is Julian’s mother. Her attitude and actions are best described on page 207. It states, “ She sat forward and looked up and down the bus. It was half filled. Everybody was white. ‘I see we have the bus to ourselves.'; This allows the reader to assume that Julian’s mother is prejudice, and was most likely raised in that time era. A good example O’Conner uses to explain Julian is found on page 208. It states, “Most miraculous of all, instead of being blinded by love for her as she was for him, he had cut himself emotionally free of her and could see her with complete objectivity. He was not dominated by his mother.'; It is safe to assume Julian is a depressed son, who is perturbed with his mother and her old ways of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Complications begin to arise after the reader has a good feel on who the characters are, which then leads to the climax of the story. Tension first arrives be...

American Politics in the Context of Obama’s Election and First 100 Days Essay

The election of Barack Hussein Obama as the 44th President of the United States is a watershed in the history of American politics. In a country were blacks were once prohibited from voting just because of the color of their skin, his ascent into the White House is indeed a milestone. Obama’s victory is often attributed to several factors, including changes in voting behavior and public opinion and constant media exposure. Popular support of his regime did not end with the election hype – a 2009 Associated Press-GfK poll revealed that about 48% of Americans were satisfied with the economic outcomes of the Obama presidency’s first 100 days (Philstar. com n. pag. ). The rise of the Obama regime had a tremendous impact on American politics. It brought about the prospect of women and minorities gaining a greater voice in political institutions. But Obama’s first 100 days in office told a different story. His first 100 days revealed that the substance of his regime remained largely the same as that of George W. Bush’s. This just goes to show that in the context of Obama’s election and first 100 days, American politics changed its style but retained its hegemonic and elitist nature. Winning the nomination proved to be a greater challenge for Obama than winning the general elections. Because of a national political machine attached to her and her husband, Hillary Clinton was initially chosen by the Democrat Party to become its presidential candidate (Ceaser, Busch and Pitney 15). Although Obama was young, charismatic, cerebral and self-assured, the Democrats were apprehensive about his lack of experience in the political scene (Ceaser, Busch and Pitney 16). This weakness would probably not sit well with the American electorate, who were desperate for a leader who could rectify the damaging mistakes of the Republican administration (Ceaser, Busch and Pitney 15). But shifts in the economic and demographic profile of American voters rendered Obama a more suitable presidential candidate than Clinton. As of 2004, about 56. 6% of American voters were below 30 years old (Dahl n. pag. ). Majority of these individuals grew up using the Internet as an indispensable tool for work, study and leisure. When the Clintons staged their last national campaign in 1996, the Internet was just a fledgling industry. Obama’s youth and tech savvy (he kept a Blackberry with him at all times), therefore, would make him more appealing to the aforementioned voter’s age group than Clinton (Ceaser, Busch and Pitney 106). Obama must have been aware of these advantages of his – his election campaign involved mainly the utilization of the Internet. By April 2007, he already had 1,543,000 â€Å"friends† in his account in the social-networking website MySpace. com. In sharp contrast, Clinton only had 41,500 people in her network (Dupuis and Boeckelman 123). In the spring of 2008, Obama had at least 1 million â€Å"friends† in Twitter, while Clinton only had 330,000. Although they had the same number of Facebook â€Å"friends† during this period, the website’s largest pro-Obama group had over 500,000 members, while the largest Facebook group that supported Clinton only had 30,000 members (Tapscott 252). Furthermore, Obama’s rhetoric reflected the American public’s disillusionment with traditional political ideologies. His slogan, â€Å"Change You Can Believe In,† appealed to voters because it did not bombard them with highfaluting dogmas. Rather, it showed them that â€Å"change† meant exploring for new solutions to problems. The American people did not have to make do with traditional solutions which Obama believed have already failed them in the past. For instance, he is constantly criticized for his relative youth and limited high-level government inexperience. Obama downplayed this attack by claiming that â€Å"Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld have an awful lot of experience, and yet have engineered what I think is one of the biggest foreign policy failures in our recent history† (Dupuis and Boeckelman 123). Through this argument, he pointed out that adherence to convention is not always the best for the nation. There are instances when the government and the people must work together and come up with new solutions. In addition, Obama created a firm connection between himself and the people by letting them know that he also underwent their plights. In his campaign speeches, he often used his experience as the son of a working woman and as the husband of a working woman in order to show to the people that he knew how it felt to be in their shoes (Leanne 52). He knew how it was to be poor, marginalized and to work hard just to keep ends meet. Thus, his cynicism towards conventional ideologies – he and so many other Americans remained impoverished despite their application. Given such a populist and down-to-earth campaign strategy, it was no longer surprising if Obama won a landslide victory in the 2008 national elections. But his first 100 days in office revealed that his regime was essentially the same as that of George W. Bush’s. Obama’s first 100 days revealed the â€Å"right-wing character of his administration and the class interests that it serves† (Eley n. pag. ). If there was any difference at all, it was the approach – Bush assumed a warmonger-like stance to obtain the presidency, while Obama adopted a populist one. Obama continued the Bush administration’s militarist and aggressive foreign policy. Although he promised that he will all American troops out of Iraq, troop levels in Iraq remained virtually unchanged. Furthermore, Obama expanded the war in Afghanistan and even extended it to Pakistan. Worse, he proposed a defense budget worth $664 billion – believed to be the largest appropriation for military spending in American history (Eley n. pag. ). The prison camp at Guantanamo Bay remains open, despite Obama’s pledge to eventually close it down. As a result, its inmates are at risk of being shipped to US military prisons such as those in Iraq and Afghanistan, where they can be tortured and or killed in secret. Under the guise of â€Å"moving on,† he blocked all investigations and or criminal prosecution of parties that were responsible for the torture of detainees in US military prisons across the world. Obama’s government also intervened in the procedures of several court cases in order to deny habeas corpus to detainees in US military prisons in Afghanistan (Eley n. pag. ). While Obama was busy perpetuating Bush’s foreign policy, the American economy further deteriorated. Mounting layoffs took place, along with wage cuts, home foreclosures and depreciation of real estate value and retirement savings. These developments, in turn, resulted in escalating hunger and homelessness. But instead of creating concrete solutions to put an end to these calamities, the Obama administration used billions of dollars in public funds to bail financial institutions such as AIG, Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch out of bankruptcy. Worsening the situation was that these banks were discovered to have been doling out huge portions of the bailout money to their executives as â€Å"bonuses† (Eley n. pag. ). It is very ironic that Obama, a black man who experienced growing up poor and marginalized, would end up perpetuating the repressive and anti-poor policies of his predecessor. But what Obama did reflected the recourse that the US most probably resorted to in order to steer itself from the economic crisis – tighten its grip over the Third World. It is during the current economic crisis that the US needs unlimited access to the natural resources of the Third World more than ever before. Thus, the Obama administration’s promise of â€Å"change† was replaced with the de facto continuation of the Bush regime. Works Cited â€Å"AP Poll: After Obama’s 100 Days, US on Right Track. † 24 April 2009. Philstar. com. 4 May 2009 . Ceaser, James W. , Andrew E. Busch, and John J. Pitney. Epic Journey: The 2008 Elections and American Politics. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009. Dahl, Melissa. â€Å"Youth Vote May have been Key in Obama’s Win. † 5 November 2008. MSNBC. 4 May 2009 . Dupuis, Martin, and Keith Boeckelman. Barack Obama: The New Face of American Politics. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. Eley, Tom. â€Å"Obama’s 100 Days. † 29 April 2009. GlobalResearch. ca. 4 May 2009 . Leanne, Shel. Say It Like Obama: The Power of Speaking with Purpose and Vision. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008. Tapscott, Don. Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is changing Your World. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008.

Rice Thailand Native Foods

Rice Thailand Native Foods Introduction Despite the fact that food is a commodity consumed by all people in the world, different countries and people are associated with a specific type of food which is native to them. The native food types of any country or ethnic group make the larger part of their cuisine as part of cultural representations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rice: Thailand Native Foods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The specific food types therefore contribute to their culture and values in the society. However, there are regions that hold more to their cultures as compared to others. For example, most of the Asian nations still hold their cultural roots unlike their counterparts in Europe and America. This paper is therefore about the representative food(s) of an Asian nation known as Thailand. The Country’s food item Thailand is a country located in the south east of Asia. The common language spoken in Thailand is Thai hence making the Thai people. The country is endowed with many natural resources as well as agricultural products such as rice in which Thailand is the largest world exporter of rice (Cummings, 2000, p.211). Thus, rice is the staple food of the Thai people and especially the jasmine variety of rice which makes up the largest portion of the Thai cuisine. The Thai cuisine is known internationally because of the seasoning combination used. As a matter of fact, it is a blend of all the five key tastes namely spicy, sour, bitter, salty and sweet. The Thai cuisine is made up rice (Known as Khao in Thailand) that is served with other accompanying dishes made of sauces, salads and curries among others (Kahrs, 2000, p. 76). Its role, image and use Social occasions in Thailand are not complete without the Thai cuisine. As a matter of fact, food in Thailand can be a reason to hold celebrations, something that is very unusual in other nations. Apart from rice forming part of every meal in Thailand, it plays a great role in earning foreign income to the country. This is because, it exports rice to the world market and because of its high quality it has high demand in the market thus fetching much income (Schmidt, 2005, p.1). Rice has on the other hand created an image of Thailand globally. Thailand is among the first nations that people think of when you mention rice.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More History of rice in Thailand For a long period of time rice has formed the heart of every meal in Thailand. Rice is said to have its origin in the Asian arc, from where it spread to other continents. However, the Thailand people have their own history with regard to the origin of rice. They claim that Lord Vishnu is the one who gave birth to rice thereafter the people were taught how to raise the rice by a God called Indra (Huke and Huke, 1990, p.1). It is be cause of this that the growth of rice in Thailand is considered as a holistic activity despite its economic and health benefits. Social and cultural roles of the Rice in Thailand Rice plays a big role in terms of social and cultural functions among the Thai people. It is the main food consumed during their social occasions and gatherings. As mentioned above, the practice of growing rice in Thailand is not only for health and economic benefits but it is also a cultural practice. It is the food that is used in shrines to give to the Thai gods. Studies done have also indicated that the spirit of rice is usually attached to the rice fields hence making rice a holistic commodity in Thailand. It is because of this that throwing away rice in Thailand is a taboo, which if gone against may lead to bad omen to the land. Religious uses The native food of Thailand has religious uses in that there is the ‘god of rice’ who gets very annoyed whenever rice is thrown away. The god of ri ce may cause bad luck or even phenomena such as famine whenever he is angry. It is therefore a taboo to throw away food and especially rice in Thailand. Because of this, most of the restaurants in Thailand have employed a deity who keeps watch as people eat to ensure that no food with rice is thrown away. In addition to this, since most people in Thai are Buddhists, they make food offerings in the temple which comprises of rice to feed the spirits. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be clearly seen that rice plays a great role among the people of Thailand as their staple or native food. This importance ranges from economic, food, social and cultural benefits. It has also been seen that rice is the forms the heart of the Thai cuisine (Schmidt, 2005, p.1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rice: Thailand Native Foods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, due to relations with their neighbouring countries, t he Thailand cuisine has had variations as compared to the traditional cuisine. This is because of the cultural influences from those countries. Nevertheless, the influences have not had much effect because the Thai cuisine is still internationally famous for its unique taste. Reference List Cummings, J. (2000). World Food Thailand. Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications Huke, R. and Huke, H. (1990). A Brief History of Rice. Web. Kahrs, K. (2003). Thai Cooking. Dallas: Hackberry Press. Schmidt, D. (2005). Thai Food and Culture. Retrieved from https://www.thespruceeats.com/thai-food-and-culture-3217393

resistance essays

resistance essays Investigating the Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips Safety- must always wear safety glasses and we should be very careful not to drop any acid. Fair test- we must make sure that we use the same size, amount and roughly the same mass of chips, this is because we want to keep the chips roughly the same all the way through the experiment so that it will be a fair test and the results we be in relation to each other, otherwise the results will be completely different to what we will expect and it will ruin the experiment. We must also take our readings at the same intervals throughout the experiment i.e I will take a reading every fifteen seconds for all of my experiments. I predict that the more concentrated the acid the quicker the reaction will take place, because the more concentrated the acid is then it will make the chips react faster and more hydrogen will be given off in a quicker time. The smaller the stones are, the even quicker the reaction will happen, this is because the acid has a smaller surface area to act upon. Equipment- We will need a boiling tube, calcium carbonate chips, hydrochloric water, a stop watch, a gas syringe and a bung on the top of the boiling tube with a delivery tube connected to the gas syringe. I will also need a stand and a clamp to hold on to the syringe. When doing my exper...

Marketing Plan Phase II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Plan Phase II - Essay Example Pricing should not be seen in isolation of the other factors that have a bearing and often influence the decision itself. Predominantly price is part of a price-quality equation. The most important consideration in price decisions is its objectives. And objectives are in turn based on the strategy of product positioning. Commonly companies try to achieve any of five objectives through pricing: survival, maximize profit, maximize market share, skim the market or product-quality leadership. (Kotler, 2001, p. 458) "The business of businesses is business!" Friedman (as cited in Pohl, Eva, 1970, p.12). So understandably businesses exist to maximize profits. This then brings up for consideration the price-demand-profit relationship. This in other words is the demand for a product at different prices; which is the product's price sensitivity. "Price sensitivity is a measure of how important lower prices are to the customer" (Day, 1999, p. 114). In general products are less price sensitive if buyers are less aware of substitutes, when a one-on-one comparison between competing products is not possible and when a product is perceived to have quality and exclusivity. Bread is such routine fare. As such it is highly price sensitive. But Panera's customers don't see the company's products as just any bread. There is a definite value perception.

Unit 2 Seminar public health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 2 Seminar public health - Essay Example The field entails bringing various resources, systems and techniques so as to maximize on the use of medical knowledge wealth, drug breakthroughs and technological advances available. Medical informatics services can be of help in various health settings, including hospital care, rehabilitation centers, primary care facilities and general practice (John, 2009). Health informants can be used to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of a given health facility. The commonest areas that require their services are the administrative, clinical and medical information (O’Carrol, 2010). For instance, there is a great emphasis for implementing a uniformed system of storing medical records electronically. Not only does it cut down health care cost, but also improves the general quality of care of clients. Furthermore, it also has an impact on billing, scheduling, sharing medical information and clinical research. Health communication and information provided by health informants have really been applied in the hospitals in a number of ways. Doctors generally take opportunity of the constantly expanding knowledge base which enables them to make decisions based on latest information. By health informants providing information on effectiveness of certain drugs, doctors eliminate some prescription mistakes they commit (O’Carrol,

MANAGING YOUTH WORK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MANAGING YOUTH WORK - Essay Example The importance of making a living is repeatedly told by the parents so that their children can understand that they have to earn sooner and later in their lives. Additionally the philosophy of work is worship is also quite prevalent in developed nations and therefore elders encourage the next generation towards living a productive life in the community. The above mentioned positive attitude is indeed helping strong economies in maintaining a higher level of living standards. When the majority of the individuals make their own living then the burden of the society divides that causes a notable improvement in the community. But in case of underdeveloped or developing country's skilled labor and highly educated people are rare and therefore the responsibility of economic welfare of four to ten people resides on the shoulders of one individual. The aforementioned condition is causing a significant hindrance in the process of fiscal development as more than seventy percent of the workforc e is unwilling to work at all. The lack of education is also considered as a leading cause of poor economic conditions in the third world (O’Higgins, 2003 pp 8). ... ished to foster certain types of professional behaviors in the youth while they are trained to implement creativity and newness in the upcoming corporate world. The professors and trainers also highlight the role of technology in the modern day business world. Youngsters are also guided to consider technological development as a friend whereas they are encouraged to embrace it when performing their responsibilities in the practical arena. The investments in youth developmental programs are ideal for those cultures where people are willing and committed towards sharing their knowledge with others. But in developing nations experienced professionals feel reluctant regarding knowledge sharing with others because they fear that their own skill set will become obsolete if they share it. Yet according to modern research if a person shares his or her knowledge with others then he or she might gather new information as well. The ability to share knowledge and its benefits are explained in So cial Exchange Theory that is identified as one of the fundamentals of modern management (Emerson, 1976 pp 347). The companies operating in developed economies play their role in supporting youth development with the help of offering internship programs so that they can train the next generation of corporate soldiers to say the least. Literature Review According to contemporary research on the topic of youth work, it is quite evident that the nations that use these kinds of programs as a source of development in youth end up with an excellent workforce for the future (Larson, 2000 pp 181). The nations that are deploying the concept of youth work include the names of America and England (Catalano, Berglund, Ryan, Lonczak, & Hawkins, 2004 pp 111) whereas in developing nations Malaysia and

Polish People in UK Essay Example for Free

Polish People in UK Essay How do English people in United Kingdom perceive Poles? What are the stereotypes of Polish Workers? How the image is changing over the years? The subject is very controversial as Poland gives many reasons to not be forgotten at the European stage. Poland is famed for John Paul the 2nd, many beautiful women, Vodka and sausage. A general description is hard to obtain, as there are many points of views and issues. The historical background had a massive impact on cultural and economic development. Not so long ago Poland was a communist country, where human rights were highly oppressed. At this time Poland was a satellite state being hold back by the Communist Soviet Union while Western European development was progressing. Eventually Poland achieved full democracy in 1989, and continues without communist influence to this day. The new fundamentalism was doing very well. For years, the Catholic radio, ‘Radio Maria’ for example, gave voice to the hate priests and politicians that condemned everything that was foreign and is not inline with the narrow, xenophobic vision of parochial Polishness. Regularly young men throw stones at those who seem to them non-native. Taking out the rage on sexual minorities as there is no luck to find any immigrants. Galloping hate speech on the Internet is already pathological standard. In May 2004 Poland joined the European Union. United Kingdom, Ireland and Sweden open labour market for Polish citizens and other new members of EU. The huge wave of Polish migrants entered the foreign markets. Base on GUS (Central Statistical Office) research in May 2002, 24,000 Polish Emigrants were living in United Kingdom. In 2008 the number was drastically multiply, by 27 times, the amount of Polish Immigrants in the UK reached the point of 650 thousands. It was the largest number of Polish migrants abroad in Europe. The social approach towards Eastern European Migrants was distinguished by those, who negatively responded to economic threats related with job losses, and those who were aware of their matter in the future development. Depending on where you stand, this phenomenal wave of immigration was either a death knell for British values and the tradition of the blue-collar British worker, or a powerful boost to the British economy while others in Europe stagnate. While industries in other EU countries have been limited in their attempts to expand by an unavailability of high quality, reasonably-priced labour, many UK industries have been able to fuel their expansion and advances with hard working Poles, Slovaks, Lithuanians and Czechs. Demographic studies of those that have entered the UK reveal that over three quarters of immigrants fall into the 18-34 age bracket. The popular estimate is that the average age of the Polish immigrant is 28. Following natural migration trends, the large majority of these are single, with fewer responsibilities, resulting in an increased disposable income and a greater tendency to participate in the consumer culture that has been behind Britain’s economic growth over the past few years, at a time when most of Europe has been desperately trying to rein in escalating unemployment and avoid economic stagnation. While on other fronts increased immigration is a controversial topic, economically the British government can have little cause for complaint. Eastern Europeans have plugged holes in sectors short of labour, helping to keep inflation down, and in the relatively liberal open-market economy of the UK, the extra labour has been an easily absorbed asset. The minimal effect being had on unemployment as a result of immigration in the UK has disproved the theory that there are a finite number of jobs in the labour market and that the immigrant’s gain is the Brits’ loss. Though registered unemployment has crept up recently the government argues that this is not due to the economy failing to create jobs. Indeed, the number of job vacancies remain high and the overall job market continues to expand. From an economic point of view, the fact remains that while almost all immigrant workers in the UK have found full-time employment, the non-migrant unemployment rate has remained steady – proving that immigrants are helping to fuel economic growth rather than undercut British workers in the labour market and steal their jobs. Whether it be reduced costs and waiting times for housing repairs in London as a result of Polish plumbers and builders, or new additions to the high street as a result of Polish demand for imported goods, many towns and cities are coming to appreciate the addition of yet another flavour to the bubbling concoction that is multi-ethnic Britain. Government and big business certainly appreciate the benefits brought by this dynamic new demographic group. According to the Ernst Young Item Club, Polish and other Eastern European immigrants are having a positive economic impact by making the UK workforce ‘younger, more flexible and economical, easing the pensions burden and keeping interest rates lower’. In the past few years Poland lost her best human capital ever – people, who travelled the world, higher educated, fluent with foreign languages, and familiar with new technologies. In the previous waves of emigration the dominant were people with primary or vocational education. Polish is the most commonly spoken non-native language in England and Wales. More than half a million people in Britain now speak Polish as their first language, placing it ahead of Punjabi and Urdu and behind only English and Welsh. The data, extracted from the 2011 census, confirmed the staggering numbers of Polish migrants who are now living, working and putting down roots in the UK. Some 521,000 Polish-born people have made their homes here, a figure that has increased seven-fold since 2003, when just 75,000 were listed in the census. In many parts of Britain, such statistics will come as no surprise. The influx of Poles to this country has long been evident in the swathes of Polish supermarkets, grocers, churches and cultural centres that have appeared across the country – particularly since 2004, when Poland joined the European Union, opening up borders for free movement of workers. In addition to long-established Polish communities – in west London, Liverpool, Birmingham, Nottingham and Slough – smaller hubs have established themselves in rural areas, such as Carlisle in Cumbria (twinned with the Polish city of Slupsk) and the Scottish Highlands. During the past decade, Polish culture has ingrained itself in British society. Most major supermarkets, including Sainsbury’s, Tesco and Waitrose, now stock Polish food and drink. There are 10 Polish churches in London alone, in locations such as Balham and Ealing, and road signs are translated into Polish in villages around Cheshire. There are hundreds of Polish-owned clubs, pubs and bars, a hugely popular newspaper (founded in 1940) and cultural centres that regularly host sell-out Polish plays and exhibitions. According to figures from the Office for National Statistics, Poland is the most common country of birth for non-UK born mothers in Britain, with 20,495 babies born to Polish mothers in 2011. Marriages between Poles and Brits, too, have multiplied. Poles have become British homeowners, business owners and taxpayers. So how have they, unlike any other nationality before them, achieved such full-scale integration into our society – and in such a short time? The ability of Poles to integrate seems to be linked to the reason many of them come to Britain in the first place. Work,† explains Robert Szaniawski of the Polish Embassy in London, â€Å"is the main factor that draws Poles to the UK. Most of them are young – they’re from small towns; they see it as a chance to get out and have an adventure, so they come to Britain. â€Å"They’re flexible and they move with the demands of the labour market. It’s this willingness to go where the work is tha t helps them to ingratiate themselves. † Poland’s GDP is significantly lower than Britain’s ($514. 5 billion, compared to the UK’s $2. 43 trillion); there is high unemployment (averaging 12 per cent since 2008) and the minimum hourly wage is less than half that paid in Britain. As Poland’s economic growth slows down – it halved to 2 per cent in 2012 – still more skilled workers are lured to the UK. In 2011, 45,000 Poles settled here, marking the biggest rise in migrants since the financial crash. Poles have a reputation for being hard workers, especially in the manual labour sector. Adam Zamoyski, a British historian descended from a Polish noble family, says Poles are â€Å"brilliant workers. When they’re abroad, they put their best foot forward and act as ambassadors for their country. They have a better experience in England than they do in Germany or France. They’re treated as menial in other countries; in England, they’re treated with kindness. † But with such mass immigration comes inevitable tension. Many British workers blame the steady flow of cheap, cash-in-hand Polish labourers for keeping them out of jobs. And not all Poles who settle in Britain come here for gainful employment. Of the 371,000 non-UK nationals claiming unemployment benefit, 13,940 are Polish – making it the only previous EU accession state to appear in the top 20. In 2010, 6,777 Poles were convicted of crimes in Britain, and there are currently more than 700 Polish migrants in UK prisons (ranking in the top five nationalities of the 10,592 foreign nationals behind bars). â€Å"As with every large group of migrants, you do get an underbelly,† Zamoyski says. â€Å"There are huge scams going on with benefits, whereby Poles come over to work, bring their families, sign them all up for child benefits and then go back home again with the money. And I have heard of older Poles accosting younger ones on their way to the bus stop and fleecing them for all their money. It was the Second World War that really formed the roots of Britain’s Polish community. The Poles made an important contribution to the Allied war effort, providing troops, intelligence and vital equipment. After the fall of France in 1940, the exiled Polish Prime Minister and his government set up office in London, bringing with them 20,000 soldiers and airmen. Poles made up the largest non-British group in the RAF during the Battle of Britain and, by July 1945, more than 150,000 Polish troops were serving under the command of the British Army. When the war ended, Churchill vowed that the British would â€Å"never forget the debt they owe to the Polish† and pledged â€Å"citizenship and freedom of the British empire† for all. Fleeing the Communist government in Poland, many refused to return home, leading to the passing of the Polish Resettlement Act 1947, the UK’s first mass immigration law. This first generation of Polish migrants laid the foundations for recent immigration. Nicola Werenowska, a playwright from Colchester, is married to Leszek, a second-generation Polish migrant whose parents moved to Reading after the war. While researching for her play Tu i Teraz (â€Å"Here and Now†), staged recently at the Hampstead Theatre in London, she interviewed 50 young Poles in Britain about their experiences of moving here. â€Å"They come over for the jobs, but the history of migration helps them feel connected,† she says. â€Å"There are generally positive attitudes towards the UK in Poland. † Szaniawski agrees: â€Å"It’s a friendly, welcoming country and there’s a huge tradition of our parents and grandparents coming here. The willingness – and ability – of Poles to learn English is another factor that has been crucial to their integration. According to the Polish Central Statistical Office, 40 per cent of Poles aged 25-64 speak at least one foreign language, most commonly English or German. Joanna Pietrzykowska, 27, a trainee accountant from a small town in eastern Poland, came to the UK seven years ago to learn English. â€Å"I initially came for a yea r, but I liked it so much that I am still here,† she says. â€Å"You can get anything you want over here now – Polish food, movies, books from the library. Wherever I go, I meet at least one Polish person. I have an English boyfriend, and I’ve always found it very welcoming. There are more career opportunities than in Poland – so why would I go back? † But not all Poles have such positive experiences of Britain. Some, says Adam Zamoyski, simply don’t want to integrate. â€Å"They don’t ever have to learn the language; they stay in their own communities, where you can go all the way from the obstetrician to the grave without ever having to speak English. Others, like Sofia Pekala, 54, a cleaner who moved to the UK from Poland in 2002, have had bad experiences at the hands of British employers. â€Å"When I first came I worked on a farm in Penzance,† says Pekala, who used to own her own clothes shop. â€Å"I was treated very poorly and paid just ? 2. 75 an hour for very hard work in poor conditions. † Rafal Zbikowski, 34, who moved to Boston, Lincolnshire – where 3,006 out of 62,243 residents are Polish – eight years ago from Krakow, says he has experienced some tension, but adds: â€Å"It has been a great place to work. I came here to work in a food production factory and have had a job ever since. † So what does the future hold for Britain’s Polish migrants? Werenowska believes that the roots many Poles have put down will last. â€Å"Of the Polish migrants I interviewed, there were broadly two types,† she says. â€Å"The first are those who want to earn as much money as they can, as fast as they can, and then go home to their families. The second are those who have come to Britain because they love it, who genuinely want to be a part of British society. Like it or not, they’re definitely here to stay. †

History of Counseling Essay -- Psychology, The New and Old Testaments

It is said that in order to know where you are going, it is important to know where you have been. This adage applies to many facets of life but also to the profession of counseling. In order to gain insight into the future of the profession, this author seeks to uncover the past that has shaped the current landscape. In doing so, the hope is to preserve what may be preserved, correct those mistakes of the past and forge new paths that will lead to wholeness and health. History and Timeline In deciphering the history of Psychology, one can subscribe to two seperate schools of thought. The first is that of the secular worldview that gives credence only to those things of this world. The focus here is on the scientific discoveries of various men throughout the ages. The second comes from a Biblical worldview that recognizes the true nature of soul care as an outward manifestation of God's grace and mercy to His broken people. This author will construct a timeline that attempts to integrate the two views and represent the split as well as the divine way that they have been brought back together with a bright future for integration. Counseling has been a part of history from the origin of man. The Old and New Testament have countless references to prophets, apostles and preachers who offered help and consolation to those in need of care. The apostle Paul clearly spoke of our ability to aid others when he said, â€Å"I myself am convinced, my brothers, that you yourselves are full of goodness, complete in knowledge and competent to instruct (counsel) one another" (Romans 15:14, NIV) We were created to work in harmony with one another, offering aid to those who are afflicted in any way we can. This form of â€Å"counseling† relies... ... integrate each discipline into one cohesive recognition of truth. According to this source, all counselors exist somewhere within these bounds. When we think about creating a model of therapy that will serve God, our ethical responsibilities, our moral imperatives and our clients, integration and careful analysis of each model that has preceded are of tantamount importance. We must glean those concepts and techniques from each theory that allow us to function within the Allies camp, the most advantageous category of integration.(Entwistle, 2010) In order to do this, we parse each model into five pieces. These are: Philosophical Assumptions, Model of Personality, Model of Abnormality and Health, Model of Psychotherapy and Demonstrated Effectiveness.(Jones & Butman, 1991) In this way, we can consider the victories of the past and leave behind the mistakes.